3.1 Definitions Flashcards
What is surface area to volume ratio?
The surface area of an organism divided by its volume, expressed as a ratio to 1
What is the alveoli?
Tiny folds of the lung epithelium to increase surface area
What are the bronchi and bronchioles?
Small airways leading to the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
A layer of muscle beneath the lungs
What are the intercostal muscles?
Muscles between the ribs. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles raises the ribcage
What is the trachea?
The main airway leading from the back of the mouth to the lungs
What is ventilation?
The refreshing of the air in the lungs, so that there is a higher oxygen concentration than in the blood, and a lower carbon dioxide concentration
What is cartilage?
A form of connective tissue
What is the ciliated epithelium?
A layer of cells that have many hair-like extensions called cilia
What are the elastic fibres?
Protein fibres that can deform and then recoil to their original size
What are the goblet cells?
Cells that secrete mucus
What is the smooth muscle?
Involuntary muscle that contracs without the need for conscious thought
What is breathing rate?
The number of breaths per minute
What is oxygen uptake?
The volume of oxygen absorbed by the lungs in one minute
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath, usually measured at rest
What is a spirometer?
A device that can measure the movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is vital capacity?
The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
What is the buccal cavity?
The mouth
What is countercurrent flow?
Where two fluids flow in opposite directions
What are filaments?
Slender branches of tissue that make up the gill. They are often called primary lamellae
What are lamellae?
(Sometimes called secondary lamellae) Folds of the filament to increase surface area. Also called gill plates
What is the operculum?
A bony flap that convers and protects the gills
What is the spiracle?
An external opening or pore that allows air in or out of the trachea
What is the tracheal fluid?
The fluid found at the ends of the tracheoles in the tracheal system
What is the tracheal system?
A system of air filled tubes in insects
