3.1 - Cells, Tissues, & Systems Flashcards
Organisms of any ______ can survive if both their needs and the challenges of their environment are met.
Kind
A ______ organism depends on the normal function of a single cell
Unicellular
A ______ organism depends on the normal function and interaction of countless cells that make up its large structure
Multi-cellular
Advantages and disadvantages of multi-cellularity part 1: ⭐️ (you got this wrong on the test)
When cells are specialized for one particular function, they can perform ______ more effectively and efficiently
Division of labour
Adavantages and disadvantages of multi-cellularity part 2: ⭐️(you got his wrong on the test)
The SA to V ratio and the related rate of diffusion restricts the ______ of a unicellular organism.
Internal transport systems need to be in place for multi-cellular organisms to efficiently transport and exchange materials
SA to V ratio of a cell is preferred to be small or skinny and long
Size
Adavantages and disadvantages of multi-cellularity part 3:
The life of a multi-cellular organism does not depend on the proper functioning of a single cell in order to survive it is ______ of other cells
Dependent
“Interdependence of cells”
Unicellular and multi-cellular are ______ types of systems
Open
Unicellular obtain food ______ from the environment whereas multi-cellular obtain from the environment and then ______ it to all ______
Directly
Transfers
Cells
Unicellular and multi-cellular both ______ homeostasis
Maintain
In unicellular ______ functions are performed by that cell. In multi-cellular, specialization of functions occurs through the cellular differentiation ______ tissues, organs, and organ systems
All
Forming
Unicellular exchange gases ______ with the environment, multi-cellular exchange gases with special structures (______ system) transporting gases to and from the cells
Directly
Vascular
Unicellular remove waste ______ with the environment. Multicellular remove waste with special ______ in place.
Directly
Structures
Plants are ______. They can be regarded as living systems made up of many parts, each performing its own function.
Multi-cellular
As plants grow and increase in size, the ______ begin to have specialized functions. Every cell contains the same genetic material, but individual cells perform ______ jobs within the organism. Each cells performs a ______ job
Cells
Particular
Different
Groups of cells performing the same functions are called ______. These contributing to the same function form ______ which are part of an ______
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
The plant has two organ systems:
Shoot system
Root system
Shoot system of a plant:
- everything ______ ground
- stems, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits
- tubers (swollen stems that store food)
Above
Root system of plants:
- everything ______ ground
- roots
Under
Cells divide for the growth of ______ tissue and repair of ______ tissue
New
Damaged
______ is the process of cell division that allows growth and repair
Mitosis
In plants, increase in size results from cell division in particular grown areas called ______
Meristems
Three main types of plant tissues:
Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue
Dermal tissue (______)
- outer layer of cells that cover all herbaceous (non woody) plants
- primarily involved in ______ exchanges of carbon dioxide and oxygen
- also ______ the plant from disease, the cells from the leaves and stems secrete a waxy substance called ______ that resist micro-organism invasion and reduces water loss
- usually one cell layer thick
- in worry plants, the ______ is replaced by cork and bark
Epidermis Gas Protects Cuticle Epidermis
Ground tissue
- makes up the ______ of the plant
- found as the layer beneath the ______
- several important functions:
~ ______: strength and support the only plant
~ ______: food and water storage
~ ______: location where photosynthesis occurs
- cells in the ground tissue are loosely packed together with air spaces between to allow gases to ______ rapidly through the tissue
Majority Epidermis Stems Roots Leaves Diffuse
