3.1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
State the different bonding atoms may have undergo to combine?
Hydrogen, Covalent, and Ionic Bonding
What are monomers?
Small units from which larger molecules are made (from)
What are polymers?
Large molecules made up many monomers joined together
Give three examples of monomers?
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
What is the name of the process of making polymers?
Polymerisation
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction where 2 molecules join together to form a chemical bond, eliminating a water molecule in the process.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Breakdown of a chemical bond between two molecules involving a water molecule
What is metabolism?
All the chemical processes that take place in a living organism
What are most biological molecules made up of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What is a monosaccharide?
A monomer which a larger carbohydrate is made from
Give examples of three common monosaccharides?
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose
If a pair of monosaccharides combine, then what is the compound called?
Disaccharide
What are the characteristics of a monosaccharide?
sweet
Soluble
(extra: has formula of CH20n)
What are isomers?
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different arrangement
What are the isomers of monosaccharides?
a-glucose and J3-glucose
“All monosaccharides and some disaccharides are reducing sugars” - True or False?
True
What is meant by a reducing sugar?
A sugar that can donate electrons to reduce another chemical
What is the test for reducing sugars?
Benedict’s Test
Describe how to do the benedict’s test?
Add 2cm3 of liquid (grinded) food sample
Add equal volume of Benedicts reagent
Heat mixture in water bath for 5 mins
If orange-brown-brick red precipitate then present
What is the name of the disaccharide when:
Glucose and Glucose bond?
Maltose
What is the name of the disaccharide when:
Glucose and Fructose bond?
Sucrose
What is the name of the disaccharide when:
Glucose and Galactose bond?
Lactose
What is the reaction when two monosaccharides join?
Condensation Reaction
What is the name of the bond when two monosaccharides join?
Glycosidic Bond
Describe the formation of a disaccharide.
The condensation reaction of two monosaccharides forming a glycosidic bond involving the loss of water
What is the name of the reaction?
“Water added to the disaccharide causes the breakdown of the glycosidic bond between monosaccharides”
Hydrolysis Reaction
How do we know if we have a non-reducing sugar in a Benedict’s Test?
If the benedict’s reagent does not change colour after being heated for 5 minutes
What do we have to do in order to detect a non-reducing sugar? (not asking for the method)
Need to hydrolyse into monosaccharide components
(HCL will hydrolyse any disaccharide present)