3.1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a polymer?
Polymers are molecules made from a large amount of monomers joined together.
What are monomers?
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
Examples of monomers.
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides.
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction where two molecules join together and forming a bond, and removes a molecule of water in the process.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that breaks the bond between two molecules and involves the addition of water.
What are monosaccharides?
The monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
Examples of monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
What is the test for reducing sugars and the colour change?
Benedict’s test, and the sample will go from a blue to a brick red colour.
What is the bond that forms between two monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bond.
What two monomers does the disaccharide maltose hydrolyse into?
Two (alpha) glucose molecules.
What two monomers does the disaccharide sucrose hydrolyse into?
One (alpha) glucose and one fructose.
What two monomers does the disaccharide lactose hydrolyse into?
One (alpha) glucose and one galactose.
What are the two isomers of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose.
What isomer of glucose is starch and glycogen made up of?
Alpha glucose
Role of starch.
The main energy store for plants, and it is the excess store of glucose in plants.
