3.1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
Define Polymer.
Long molecules made up from many smaller molecules
Define Monomer.
Small molecules that are the building blocks of polymers
Name the monomer and polymer of a carbohydrate.
Monomer - Monosaccharide
Polymer - Polysaccharide
Name the monomer and polymer of a protein.
Monomer - Amino Acid
Polymer - Polypeptide
Name the monomer of a fat/lipid.
Monomer - Triglycerides/phospholipids
Name the monomer and polymer of a nucleic acid.
Monomer - Nucleotides
Polymer - Polynucleotides (e.g. DNA/RNA)
Define condensation reaction.
When two molecules join together to form one larger molecule and one molecule of water
What is a glycosidic bond?
The bond between molecules in carbohydrates
Define hydrolysis.
When molecules are split apart using a molecule of water
Glucose + Glucose = ?
Maltose + Water
Glucose + Fructose = ?
Sucrose + Water
Glucose + Galactose = ?
Lactose + Water
Maltose + Water, is made from?
Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose + Water, is made from?
Glucose + Fructose
Lactose + Water, is made from?
Glucose + Galactose
Describe Glucose
MF = C6H12O6
Hexose Sugar
Two forms
What is the difference between Alpha and Beta Glucose?
Alpha Glucose:
H I_ H
\/ \/
/\ _ /\
HO OH
Beta Glucose:
H I_ OH
\/ \/
/\ _ /\
HO H
The difference between Alpha and Beta Glucose is the location of the hydroxyl group on the 2nd carbon. In Alpha it is on the bottom, in Beta it is on the top.
What is a polysaccharide?
Many monosaccharides joined together by condensation reactions.
Where can cellulose be found?
In plant cell walls.
Which type of glucose is cellulose formed from?
Beta-Glucose
