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AQA A-Level Biology > 3.1 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

3.1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Polymer.

A

Long molecules made up from many smaller molecules

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2
Q

Define Monomer.

A

Small molecules that are the building blocks of polymers

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3
Q

Name the monomer and polymer of a carbohydrate.

A

Monomer - Monosaccharide

Polymer - Polysaccharide

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4
Q

Name the monomer and polymer of a protein.

A

Monomer - Amino Acid

Polymer - Polypeptide

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5
Q

Name the monomer of a fat/lipid.

A

Monomer - Triglycerides/phospholipids

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6
Q

Name the monomer and polymer of a nucleic acid.

A

Monomer - Nucleotides

Polymer - Polynucleotides (e.g. DNA/RNA)

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7
Q

Define condensation reaction.

A

When two molecules join together to form one larger molecule and one molecule of water

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8
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

The bond between molecules in carbohydrates

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9
Q

Define hydrolysis.

A

When molecules are split apart using a molecule of water

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10
Q

Glucose + Glucose = ?

A

Maltose + Water

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11
Q

Glucose + Fructose = ?

A

Sucrose + Water

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12
Q

Glucose + Galactose = ?

A

Lactose + Water

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13
Q

Maltose + Water, is made from?

A

Glucose + Glucose

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14
Q

Sucrose + Water, is made from?

A

Glucose + Fructose

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15
Q

Lactose + Water, is made from?

A

Glucose + Galactose

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16
Q

Describe Glucose

A

MF = C6H12O6
Hexose Sugar
Two forms

17
Q

What is the difference between Alpha and Beta Glucose?

A

Alpha Glucose:

H I_ H
\/ \/
/\ _ /\
HO OH

Beta Glucose:

H I_ OH
\/ \/
/\ _ /\
HO H

The difference between Alpha and Beta Glucose is the location of the hydroxyl group on the 2nd carbon. In Alpha it is on the bottom, in Beta it is on the top.

18
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Many monosaccharides joined together by condensation reactions.

19
Q

Where can cellulose be found?

A

In plant cell walls.

20
Q

Which type of glucose is cellulose formed from?

A

Beta-Glucose

AQA A-Level Biology (8 decks)

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