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Biology > 3.1 ATP > Flashcards

3.1 ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP?

A

Nucleotide

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2
Q

What enzyme hydrolyses the terminal bond?

A

ATPase

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3
Q

Which bond is bond is hydrolysed?

A

Terminal

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4
Q

How is ATP reformed?

A

Phosphorylation

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5
Q

ATP=

A

ADP + Pi

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6
Q

What reaction makes ATP?

A

Condensation

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7
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

3 Phosphate groups, ribose sugar and an organic base (Adenosine)

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8
Q

Where ATP synthesis takes place?

A

Internal membrane of mitochondria

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9
Q

What protons must pass through

A

ATP synthetase

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10
Q

Where ATP synthetase is found?

A

Within stalked particles

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11
Q

What the flow of protons generates?

A

Electrochemical gradient

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12
Q

What electrochemical gradient drives?

A

Phosphorylation of ADP

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13
Q

Process of ATP synthesis is called?

A

Chemiosmosis

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14
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient, through ATP synthetase which provides the potential energy necessary to synthesise ATP by phosphorylation

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15
Q

Where do protons flow in Mitochondria

A

From Inter membrane space into matrix

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16
Q

Where do protons flow in Chloroplasts

A

Across the thylakoid space into the stroma

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17
Q

Parts of the chloroplast

A

Thylakoid space
Stalked particles containing ATP synthetase
Outer membrane ]thylakoid membrane
Stroma

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18
Q

Parts of mitochondria

A

Inter membrane space
Matrix
Crista
Outer membrane
Stalked particles containing ATP synthetase

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19
Q

Where in chloroplasts are (Protons are pumped across a membrane by proton pumps fuelled by electron energy)

A

Thylakoid Membrane

20
Q

Where in chloroplasts (A high concentration of protons (hydrogen ions) build up)

A

Thylakoid space

21
Q

Where in chloroplasts (Protons flow down a concentration gradient to provide energy for ATP synthesis)

A

stalked particles contains ATP synthetase

22
Q

Where in chloroplasts (Free electrons are taken up by a final electron acceptor)

A

Stroma

23
Q

Where in mitochondria (Protons are pumped across a membrane by proton pumps fuelled by electron energy)

A

Crista

24
Q

Where in mitochondria (A high concentration of protons (hydrogen ions) build up)

A

Intermembrane space

25
Q

Where in mitochondria (Protons flow down a concentration gradient to provide energy for ATP synthesis)

A

Stalked particles containing ATP synthetase

26
Q

Where in mitochondria (Free electrons are taken up by a final electron acceptor)

A

matrix

27
Q

Where is the electron transport chain located?

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria or thylakoid membrane

28
Q

What creates a proton gradient in the ETC?

A

Proton pumps and electron carriers alternate

29
Q

Explain the ETC

A

High energy electrons pass from electron carriers which provides energy to drive the proton pumps
Protons are pumped into the space between the membranes
Gradient allows protons to pass back into the matrix via ATP synthetase
Electrochemical gradient provides the energy needed for the phosphorylation of ADP to from ATP
Chemiosmosis

30
Q

Energy cannot be…

A

Destroyed or created

31
Q

Where chemical energy is stored

A

Food substances

32
Q

What green plants convert light energy into

A

Chemical energy

33
Q

2 parts of metabolism

A

Catabolic and Anabolic

34
Q

What catabolic metabolism does

A

Breaks down

35
Q

What anabolic metabolism does

A

Builds up

36
Q

What metabolic processses require

A

Energy

37
Q

What ATP acts as in living cells

A

Energy carrier

38
Q

What is ATP referred to as

A

The universal energy currency

39
Q

Where is energy stored

A

High energy bonds between phosphate groups

40
Q

Energy is required to combine ADP and phosphate to form ATP

A

Endergonic reactionv

41
Q

Energy is rereleased when ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi

A

Exergonic reaction

42
Q

ATP is produced in 2 sets of reactions

A

Photosynthesis and Respiration

43
Q

Advantages of using ATP as an energy carrier

A

Only one enzyme needed to break/combine
30.5kj mol-1 released so less energy wasted
Energy release is controlled

44
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

A donor molecule will donate a phosphate group

45
Q

Oxidative Phosphylation

A

Occurs in the ETC
Energy for synthesising ATP comes from a series of redox reactions

Biology (5 decks)

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