3.1 - Additional Organic Flashcards
Functional group examples
- Alkanes - C - C
- Alkenes - C = C
- Alcohols - O - H -anol
- Carboxylic acids - COOG - anoic acid
What is the difference between molecular and structural formula?
A molecular formula is a formula that shows the number and types of atom present
-this is a formula that shows the number and type of atoms present and how they are arranged
What are isomers?
These have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Explain how ethanol is made by fermentation
Starting materials: glucose, water yeast
Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration - done in the absence of oxygen
-20% alcohol because the ethanol kills the yeast above this amount
-temp of 25-35 celcius
-it releases Co2 but is absorbed to make the sugar so it is carbon neutral
-yeast is removed by filtering and ethanol & water is distilled to get water
What is the formula for alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes = Cn H2n+2 Alkenes = CnH2n
What is the symbol equation for
Glucose= ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH+2CO2
What is the test to identify ethanoic acid?
Use sodium carbonate and see if it fizzes
What colour is ethanoic and sulphuric acid in universal indicator?
Ethanoic acid = turns orange
Sulphuric acid= turns red
What are the observations with magnesium for ethanoic and sulphuric acid?
- ethanoic acid= fizzes slowly, heat can be lost
- sulphuric acid= fizzes vigorously, heat produced quickly
Describe why sulphuric acid is a strong acid
It fully dissociates (ionises) into its ions
H2S04 = 2H+ + SO2-
4
Describe why ethanoic acid is a weak acid
It does not fully dissociate into its ions, it only partially dissociates
CH3= H+ + CH3COO-
What are the social advantages and disadvantages of the use of the alcoholic drinks?
Ad:
-makes people relaxed
Dis:
- liver damage
- antisocial behaviour
- domestic violence
- family breakdown due to alcoholism
Economic advantages and disadvantages of alcoholic drinks
Ad:
- revenue for government through taxes
- jobs in brewing industry
Dis:
- increased police costs for antisocial behaviour
- increased costs for NHS due to alcohol related illnesses
Why does air have to be absent for the process of fermentation?
Because if air was present then ethanoic acid would be made
What is the method used to obtain ethanol from the mixture?
Fractional distillation
How to recover yeast?
By filtration
What is a homologous?
A family of compounds with the same functional group. The second part of the name tells us the homolygous series it is in
What are the necessary conditions for fermentation to occur?
A glucose solution
- temperature from 25 to 35 degrees
- absence of oxygen
- a pH in the range 4-7
Why is ethanol the first liquid to be collected in the beaker?
It has a lower boiling point
What are the advantages of ethanol as a fuel?
- carbon neutral
- renewable resource
- does not produce sulfur dioxide
- reduces the demand on fossil fuels
What are the disadvantages of ethanol as a fuel?
- needs a lot of land to grow crops
- needs a lot of sunlight to grow crops
- food shortages as land used for fuel and not food
What can ethanol be used as a solvent for?
- disinfectant
- manufacture for varnishes and perfumes
Control measures to keep safe with ethanol in an experiment
- highly flammable so keep lid on at all times unless it is being used
- beaker will become hot so clamp it
How to reduce heat (fire triangle)
Add water
How to remove oxygen (air) in a fire triangle?
- foam to extinguish the aircraft fire
- fire blanket for a chip pan fire or a person
- carbon dioxide powder to put out indoor fires, chemical and electrical fires
How to remove fuel? (FT)
Switch off electrical or gas supply
-fire breaks for forest fires
What is the process called that ethanol undergoes to be ethanoic acid?
Microbial oxidation
