3.1, 3.4, 3.5 Flashcards
in 1788, James Hutton collected his notes and wrote this , he started understanding Earth’s history was all around us.
Theory of the Earth
a principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes
Uniformitarism
a principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly
Catastrophism
rare sudden events, supporters of catastrophic.
catastrophes
from 1830 to 1833, Lyell published three volumes tilted this
Principles of Geology
the scientific study of fossils
paleontology
scientists that study the scientific way of fossils
paleontologists
the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes
fossil
a process in which the pore space in an organism’s hard tissue. (ex. bone or wood is filled with minerals)
permineralization
a process in which the organism’s tissues are completely replaces with minerals
replacement
a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement of an animal
trace fossil
is the third type of trace fossil, is preserved in animal dung
coprolite
a mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body
mold
a type of fossil that forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism
cast
a fossil that is found in the rock layers of only one geologic age and this is used to establish the age of the rock layers
index fossil
was a marine mollusk similar to a modern squid
tropites
paleontologists have determined that they lived approximately about 400 million years ago
Phacops
the standard method used to divide the Earth’s long natural history into manageable parts
geologic time scale
the largest division of geologic time
eon
a unit of geologic time that includes two or more periods
era
a unit of geologic time into which eras are divided
period
a subdivision of a geologic period
epoch
was in the Cambrian period, when the number of marine species greatly increased
hallucigenia
the death of every member of a species
extinction
