3.1 - 3.4 Flashcards
What is the nervous system made up of?
CNS & PNS
What is the CNS made up of?
the brain & the spinal chord
What is the PNS made up of?
the peripheral nerves
What does the nervous system do?
analyses sensory information, stores some aspects and makes decisions, makes motor responses by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
What is the function of the brain?
Processing information
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Connects the brain with the PNS
What is the function of the peripheral nerves?
carries information to and from all parts of the body
What can the PNS be split into?
The somatic system and the autonomic system
what is the somatic nervous system made up of?
Sensory and motor neurons
What does the sensory and motor neurons control?
The voluntary movement of skeletal muscles and involuntary impulses during reflex actions
What does sensory neurons do with impulses?
Take them from the sense organs to the CNS
What does motor neurons do with impulses?
Takes and pulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
What is the autonomic nervous system made up of?
The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system
What does the ANS do?
Regulates the bodies internal environment
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic system said to be?
Antagonistic to one another
What does antagonistic to one another mean?
they have opposite effects
Sympathetic fibres act as what?
Accelerators, to prepare the body for action
Parasympathetic fibres act as what?
Breaks, to allow the body to rest
What does the sympathetic system do to heart rate, breathing rate, peristalsis and intestinal secretions?
Increases heart rate and breathing rate & decreases peristalsis and intestinal secretions
what does the parasympathetic system due to the heart rate, breathing rate, peristalsis, and intestinal secretions?
Decreases heart rate and breathing rate, increases peristalsis and intestinal secretions
name, the three types of neural pathways
Converging, diverging and reverberating
name the three parts of the brain
The central core, the limbic system, the cerebral cortex
what is a central core made up of?
The medulla and the cerebellum
What does the cerebral cortex do?
It is the centre of conscious thought, and recalls, memories and alters behaviour in light of experience
What is the purpose of this sensory areas?
Receives impulses from the bodies receptors and send them to the association areas
what do the association areas do?
Analyse and interpret impulses
What does the motor areas do?
Receive information from association areas and send impulses to effectors to bring a response
What is the cerebrum of the brain made up of?
The left and right hemisphere
what does the left cerebral hemisphere deal with?
Information from the visual field and controls are right side of the body
What does the right cerebral hemisphere deal with?
Information from the left visual field and controls the left side of the body
What is the purpose of the corpus callosum?
Transfers information between the two hemispheres
What does memory do?
It encodes, stores, retains and retrieves information when required
What is the purpose of selective memory?
To stop the brain from becoming cluttered with useless information
What is encoding?
The conversion of one or more nerve and pulses into a form that can be stored and retrieved later
What is memory storage?
Retains the information over a period of time
What is retention?
The ability to recall or recognise what has been learned or experience
What is retrieval?
Recovery of the stored material from either the short-term or long-term memory
what are the three levels of memory?
Information passes through the sensory memory if selected then enters the short-term memory then either transferred to the long-term memory or discarded
what is sensory memory?
Retains all the visual and auditory input received for a few seconds
State four facts about the short term memory
•Information that enters. The short-term memory is visual auditory images.
•It has a limited capacity (7 items)
•Holds information for a short period of time (30 secs)
•Either transfer to long-term memory or lost by displacement or by decay
what is the serial position effect?
The primary effect and the recency effect
what is the primary effect?
When most items are remembered at the start of the sequence due to the rehearsal
what is the recency affect?
when most items are remembered at the end of the sequence, due to displacement or decay of the earlier objects
what is Chunking?
When you group items together to make a single item, this improves the short-term memory span
State 2 facts of the long-term memory
•It has an unlimited capacity
•Holds information for a long time
what are the three things to successfully include information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?
Rehearsal, organisation & elaboration
what is rehearsal?
Revisiting the information repeatedly
Regarded as a shallow form of encoding
What is organisation?
Organising the information into logical categories
what is elaboration?
Analysing the meaning of the item to be memorised
Regarded as an enhanced form of encoding
what are contextual cues?
an aid for retrieval of information
They relate to the time and place when the information was initially encoded
Which direction do dendrites carry electrical impulses?
Towards the cell body
Which direction do axons carry electrical impulses?
away from the cell body
(A xon = A way)
What are the purpose of myelin sheath?
Increases the speed of the electrical impulse conduction
what is myelination?
The development of myelin sheaths by glial sales
what are synapses?
The tiny space between the axon ending of one neuron and attend rate of the next neuron called the synaptic cleft
what is the neuron before the synaptic cleft known as?
presynaptic neuron
What is the neuron after the synaptic cleft known as?
postsynaptic neuron
