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HH Biology Unit 3 > 3.1 - 3.4 > Flashcards

3.1 - 3.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

CNS & PNS

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

the brain & the spinal chord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made up of?

A

the peripheral nerves

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4
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

analyses sensory information, stores some aspects and makes decisions, makes motor responses by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

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5
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

Processing information

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6
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

Connects the brain with the PNS

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7
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nerves?

A

carries information to and from all parts of the body

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8
Q

What can the PNS be split into?

A

The somatic system and the autonomic system

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9
Q

what is the somatic nervous system made up of?

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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10
Q

What does the sensory and motor neurons control?

A

The voluntary movement of skeletal muscles and involuntary impulses during reflex actions

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11
Q

What does sensory neurons do with impulses?

A

Take them from the sense organs to the CNS

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12
Q

What does motor neurons do with impulses?

A

Takes and pulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

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13
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system made up of?

A

The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system

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14
Q

What does the ANS do?

A

Regulates the bodies internal environment

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15
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic system said to be?

A

Antagonistic to one another

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16
Q

What does antagonistic to one another mean?

A

they have opposite effects

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17
Q

Sympathetic fibres act as what?

A

Accelerators, to prepare the body for action

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18
Q

Parasympathetic fibres act as what?

A

Breaks, to allow the body to rest

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19
Q

What does the sympathetic system do to heart rate, breathing rate, peristalsis and intestinal secretions?

A

Increases heart rate and breathing rate & decreases peristalsis and intestinal secretions

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20
Q

what does the parasympathetic system due to the heart rate, breathing rate, peristalsis, and intestinal secretions?

A

Decreases heart rate and breathing rate, increases peristalsis and intestinal secretions

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21
Q

name, the three types of neural pathways

A

Converging, diverging and reverberating

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22
Q

name the three parts of the brain

A

The central core, the limbic system, the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

what is a central core made up of?

A

The medulla and the cerebellum

24
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

It is the centre of conscious thought, and recalls, memories and alters behaviour in light of experience

25
Q

What is the purpose of this sensory areas?

A

Receives impulses from the bodies receptors and send them to the association areas

26
Q

what do the association areas do?

A

Analyse and interpret impulses

27
Q

What does the motor areas do?

A

Receive information from association areas and send impulses to effectors to bring a response

28
Q

What is the cerebrum of the brain made up of?

A

The left and right hemisphere

29
Q

what does the left cerebral hemisphere deal with?

A

Information from the visual field and controls are right side of the body

30
Q

What does the right cerebral hemisphere deal with?

A

Information from the left visual field and controls the left side of the body

31
Q

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum?

A

Transfers information between the two hemispheres

32
Q

What does memory do?

A

It encodes, stores, retains and retrieves information when required

33
Q

What is the purpose of selective memory?

A

To stop the brain from becoming cluttered with useless information

34
Q

What is encoding?

A

The conversion of one or more nerve and pulses into a form that can be stored and retrieved later

35
Q

What is memory storage?

A

Retains the information over a period of time

36
Q

What is retention?

A

The ability to recall or recognise what has been learned or experience

37
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Recovery of the stored material from either the short-term or long-term memory

38
Q

what are the three levels of memory?

A

Information passes through the sensory memory if selected then enters the short-term memory then either transferred to the long-term memory or discarded

39
Q

what is sensory memory?

A

Retains all the visual and auditory input received for a few seconds

40
Q

State four facts about the short term memory

A

•Information that enters. The short-term memory is visual auditory images.

•It has a limited capacity (7 items)

•Holds information for a short period of time (30 secs)

•Either transfer to long-term memory or lost by displacement or by decay

41
Q

what is the serial position effect?

A

The primary effect and the recency effect

42
Q

what is the primary effect?

A

When most items are remembered at the start of the sequence due to the rehearsal

43
Q

what is the recency affect?

A

when most items are remembered at the end of the sequence, due to displacement or decay of the earlier objects

44
Q

what is Chunking?

A

When you group items together to make a single item, this improves the short-term memory span

45
Q

State 2 facts of the long-term memory

A

•It has an unlimited capacity

•Holds information for a long time

46
Q

what are the three things to successfully include information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

A

Rehearsal, organisation & elaboration

47
Q

what is rehearsal?

A

Revisiting the information repeatedly
Regarded as a shallow form of encoding

48
Q

What is organisation?

A

Organising the information into logical categories

49
Q

what is elaboration?

A

Analysing the meaning of the item to be memorised
Regarded as an enhanced form of encoding

50
Q

what are contextual cues?

A

an aid for retrieval of information
They relate to the time and place when the information was initially encoded

51
Q

Which direction do dendrites carry electrical impulses?

A

Towards the cell body

52
Q

Which direction do axons carry electrical impulses?

A

away from the cell body
(A xon = A way)

53
Q

What are the purpose of myelin sheath?

A

Increases the speed of the electrical impulse conduction

54
Q

what is myelination?

A

The development of myelin sheaths by glial sales

55
Q

what are synapses?

A

The tiny space between the axon ending of one neuron and attend rate of the next neuron called the synaptic cleft

56
Q

what is the neuron before the synaptic cleft known as?

A

presynaptic neuron

57
Q

What is the neuron after the synaptic cleft known as?

A

postsynaptic neuron

HH Biology Unit 3 (2 decks)

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