3.1,3.2,3.3,10.1

Question 0

A gene occupies ______

Answer 0

A specific position on a chromosome

Question 1

Define gene

Answer 1

A heritable factor that consists of a length of DNA and influences a specific characteristic

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Various specific forms of a gene

Question 3

How are new alleles formed?

Answer 3

Mutation

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

The whole of the genetic information of an organism

Question 5

Causes of sickle cell anemia

Answer 5

• base substitution mutation
• change to the base sequence of mRNA transcribes from it
• change to the sequence of a polypeptide in hemoglobin

Question 6

How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?

Answer 6

One consisting of a circular DNA molecule

Question 7

Something some prokaryotes have but eukaryotes do not

Answer 7

Plasmids

Question 8

Homologous chromosomes carry what?

Answer 8

The same sequence of genes but not necessarily the same alleles of those genes

Question 9

Diploid nuclei -

Answer 9

Paired of homologous chromosomes

Question 10

Haploid nuclei-

Answer 10

One chromosome of each pair

Question 11

Genome size-

Answer 11

Total length of DNA in an organism

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

Number and type of chromosomes present in the nucleus

Question 13

Karyogram

Answer 13

Photograph or diagram of karyotypes

Question 14

Considered sister chromatids until when?

Answer 14

The splitting of the centromere at the start of anaphase. Then they’re individual chromosomes.

Question 15

The halving of the chromosome number allows

Answer 15

A sexual life cycle with fusion of gametes

Question 16

Genetic variation promoted by:

Answer 16

Crossing over
Random variation
Fusion of gametes

Question 17

Description of methods used to obtain cells for a karyotype analysis.

Answer 17

• sample of cells
• cells placed in a laboratory dish and allowed to grow.
• the non-divided cells are separated from the dividing cells using special chemicals
• cells are treated with a chemical which stops cell division at the point where the chromosomes are the most compact.
• In order to be able to tell one chromosome from another, a special dye called Giemsa dye is applied to the chromosomes on the slide
• a picture is taken of the cells while they’re in mitosis
• then the chromosomes are analyzed

Question 18

When do chromosomes replicate?

Answer 18

Interphase before meiosis

Question 19

Crossing over

Answer 19

Exchange of DNA material between non-sister homologous chromatids

Question 20

Crossing over produces:

Answer 20

New combos of alleles on the chromosomes of the haploid cells

Question 21

Chips maya formation between non-sister chromatids can result in:

Answer 21

An exchange in alleles

Question 22

When do homologous chromosomes separate?

Answer 22

Meiosis 1

Question 23

When do sister chromatids separate?

Answer 23

Meiosis 2

Question 24

Independent assortment of genes is due to :

Answer 24

The random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1

Question 25

Describe how sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation within a species

Answer 25

• genetic variation occurred in a process called meiosis.
• there are several processes that help with this including independent assortment in metaphase one
• also crossing over which occurs in prophase one helps this as well
• there are a possibility for 2^n gametes to be combined
• there are different alleles for genes through parents
• which then promotes fertilization by chance