3.1

Question 1

Containers

Answer 1

a discrete environment within an
operating system (or a serverless architecture) where one or more applications can run and that is
typically assigned all the resources and dependencies needed to function

Question 2

Containers commonly used for?

Answer 2

processes and workflows in which there are important requirements for security, reliability, and scalability
* All cloud providers offer managed container development, automation, and orchestration
services
* Containers can be server-based or serverless (AWS Fargate)

Question 3

4 components of cloud deployment

Answer 3

public
private
community
hybrid

Question 4

public cloud

Answer 4

The organization runs
an initiative (DevOps,
DB) entirely at the
cloud service provider
(CSP) or has public
customers for its
deployed resources
(web, E-commerce)

Question 5

private cloud

Answer 5

A cloud scenario that
supports a single
organization and its
internal customers
either in the CSP or
on-premises

Question 6

community cloud

Answer 6

A consortium that
uses a cloud
environment for a
particular use case
(i.e., gaming
community,
metaverse, financial,
healthcare, etc.)

Question 7

hybrid cloud

Answer 7

A combination of the
other three options or
an edge computing
environment – often
bursting up during
peak seasons

Question 8

Software-defined networking (SDN)

Answer 8

a framework
intended to make a network more flexible and easier to manage, especially with disparate hardware and graphical overlays

Question 9

how does SDN centralize management?

Answer 9

by abstracting the control plane from the data forwarding function in the different networking devices

Question 10

SDN characteristics

Answer 10

• Directly programmable
• Agile
• Centrally managed
• Programmatically configured
• Open standards-based and vendor-neutral

Question 11

management plane

Answer 11

orchestrates network intelligence by monitoring network traffic

Question 12

Control plane

Answer 12

Serves at the the networks brain. Makes high-level decisions about traffic, routing, network, policies, and resource allocation, based on a set of rules by administrators. 

Question 13

Data plane

Answer 13

Consist of network devices, such as switches, routers, and access points. Responsible for forwarding data package based on the instructions received from the control plane. SDN separates the control and data plan, allowing for programmable and dynamic control over networks behavior 

Question 14

Virtualization

Answer 14

the process of running a virtual instance of a computer system in a layer abstracted from the underlying hardware server

often refers to running multiple operating systems on a computer system simultaneously

Question 15

hypervisors

Answer 15

These are the virtual machine manager system and
software that run one or more virtual machines

It controls the interaction between the VMs and the
underlying hardware

Question 16

type 1- bare metal or native

Answer 16

• Runs directly on the underlying hardware
• XenServer, KVM, Hyper-V, ESXi

Question 17

Type II – hosted

Answer 17

• Runs on the OS installed on the hardware
• Oracle VirtualBox 6, VMWare Player/Workstation

Question 18

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

Answer 18

represent the software used to collect and send data to throughout facility systems and
to cloud services

• Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and other
  embedded systems are common hardware components
• Systems that are not air-gapped introduce various
  threats

Question 19

Industrial control system (ICS)

Answer 19

a combined term that represents varied forms of control systems and
related instrumentation, which include the devices, systems, networks, and controls used to operate and/or automate industrial and mechanical
processes

• Each ICS typically functions differently and is built to
  electronically manage tasks efficiently
• Modern devices and protocols used in an ICS are
  used in nearly every industrial sector and critical
  infrastructure