3.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Gene
A
Heritable factor consisting of lengths of DNA. It influences a specific characteristic and occupies a specific position on a chromosome
2
Q
Allele
A
specific form of a gene
3
Q
genome
A
whole genetic information of an organism (the entire DNA base sequence)
4
Q
mutation
A
random changes in DNA base sequence (mechanism for creating new alleles)
5
Q
locus
A
gene’s position on the chromosome
6
Q
diploid
A
2 sets of chromosomes, two copies of the same gene
7
Q
explain base substitution in mutation
A
one base is replaced by another
8
Q
explain sickle cell anemia
A
- inherited disorder
- caused by single base pair substitution in the beta globin gene
- leads to a change in mRNA codon (GAG to GUG)
- leads to substitution of an amino acid in the protein
- glutamic is replaced by valine
- low oxygen = altered haemoglobin molecules to form long protein fibres
- sickle shaped cells
- they stick together = block capillaries = injure tissues
- poor oxygen carrying capacity
- notation: Hbs
- show resistance to malaria
9
Q
where can DNA be found in animals and fungi
A
chromosomes + mitochondrial DNA
10
Q
where can DNA be found in plants
A
chromosomes + mitochondrial DNA + chloroplasts
11
Q
where can DNA be found in bacteria
A
circular chromosomes + plasmids
