3046 exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
livers function
A
to produce bile
2
Q
gallbladder function
A
concentration, storage, and evacuation of bile
3
Q
c-arm goes in __ during ERCP
A
RUQ
4
Q
largest salivary gland
A
parotid
5
Q
soft palate covers the ___ when swallowing
A
nasal cavity
6
Q
epiglottis covers the ___
A
larynx
7
Q
normal projections taken for fistula or sinus
A
AP and lateral; if need futher eval: obliques
8
Q
for defecography: contrast is administered:
A
rectally via enema
9
Q
what do we do to make sure the epiglottis is sealed over the trachea for a MBS
A
chin tuck
10
Q
how do you administer contrast for an examination of the colon
A
rectally
11
Q
which exam does NOT use barium as a contrast agent
A
sialography
12
Q
do you use a cleansing enema for defecography
A
no
13
Q
is an ERCP sterile
A
no
14
Q
for an ERCP, the scope ends at the __ and the catheter is inserted via the ____
A
ampulla of vater ; common bile duct
15
Q
what is the role of cholecystkinin
A
activates the GB to contract and evacuate bile into the duodenum
16
Q
different names for defecation dysfunction
A
evacuation proctography OR dynamic rectal examination
17
Q
what is used as a secretory agent during the sialography exams
A
lemon wedges
18
Q
how long should you wait and suck on the lemon wedge before inserting contrast into the duct opening
A
2-3 min
19
Q
-sial/siolo
A
saliva or salivary glands
20
Q
angi/angio
A
duct or vessel
21
Q
sub-
A
below
22
Q
dent/den/deno
A
teeth
23
Q
lingual
A
tongue
24
Q
mandibular
A
mandible
25
lith/litho
stone
26
itis
inflammation
27
ectomy
removal
28
otomy
incision
29
3 pairs of salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
30
what gland is located behind the mandibular rami
parotid
31
what gland is located under the center of the mandibular body
submandibular
32
what gland is the smallest and narrowly shaped
sublingual
33
what gland is located under the tongue on both sides of the frenulum
sublingual
34
what ducts are located under the tongue
submandibular
35
any gland which secretes saliva
salivary glands
36
what type of gland is a salivary gland
exocrine gland
37
salivary secretion is under ___ control
nervous
38
the average person produces how much saliva per day
1 liter or 2 pints
39
parotid duct opens into the mouth around the ___
second molar
40
how many submandibular glands are there
2
41
submandibular duct (AKA)
wharton's duct
42
how many sublingual glands are there
2
43
sialography is only performed for which glands
parotid and submandibular
44
does sialography require pt. prep
no
45
during the filling stage of sialography, the drip is ___ inches above the level of the mouth
28
46
sialography projections
panoramic
parotid gland - tangential and lateral
submandibular - lateral, axiolateral
47
the ___ serves as a passage for both food and air
pharynx
48
larynx extends from
C4-C6
49
____ is situated above laryngeal entrance
larynx
50
act of swallowing
deglutition
51
MBS is aka
videofluoroscopic study (VFSS)
52
imaging and recording for MBS
30 fps
53
divides liver into 2 major lobes (R and L)
falciform ligament
54
2 minor lobes of liver
quadrate and caudate
55
2 blood supplies of the liver
hepatic artery and portal vein
56
pear-shaped, sac like organ with a capacity of 2 oz
gallbladder
57
common hepatic duct and cystic duct join together to form
common bile duct
58
which duct joins the pancreatic duct
common bile duct
59
cholangio
bile duct
60
T or F: ERCP is both therapeutic and diagnostic
T
61
ERCP is useful when
ducts are not dilated and ampulla is not obstructed
62
during an ERCP, the scope visualizes the ___
amp of vater
63
what procedure is sterile
interoperative cholangiogram and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
64
IC is frequently performed AFTER
excising the gallbladder, usually performed during a cholecystectomy
65
pt. is lying ___ for ERCP
prone
66
pt. is lying ____ for IC
supine
67
T or F: biliary duct is full of contrast during an IC
T
68
why is a PC performed
to demonstrate: caliber and patency of ducts, status of sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, the presence of residual or previously undetected stones
69
T-tube is clamped for a PC; why?
fills tube with bile to prevent air bubbles from entering, air bubbles mimic radiolucent stones
70
what is a PTC
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
71
why is a PTC performed
when a jaundice pt's ductal system has been demonstrated as dilated by CT or sonography
72
what is administered before a PTC
local anesthetic
73
what is inserted during a PTC
special skinny needle called a Chiba
74
what projections are taken during a PTC
spot AP
75
series of pouches along the LI
haustra
76
the pouch-like portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the ___
cecum
77
why arent cleansing enemas recommended for defecography
water remaining in the rectum dilutes contrast
78
AFTER contrast is instilled, pt. sits in ___ position on a ____ commode in ___ of the fluoro tower
lateral; radiolucent; front
79
what projections are obtained during defecography
lateral
80
what rate are the images taken during defecography
1-2 fps
81
pt. prep to evaluate fistulas and sinuses of the colon
bowel prep to clear intestinal tract and fecal matter
82
fistula involving the colon
barium is instilled by enema
83
fistula involving the bladder
bladder is filled with iodinated contrast
84
cutaneous fistula and sinus tract
iodinated contrast administered through a small-diameter catheter
85
functions of salivary glands
make and excrete saliva which helps with deglutition (swallowing) and mastication (chewing)
86
how many parotid glands
2
87
the ____ is a small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid duct on the inner surface of the cheek
parotid papilla
88
the parotid duct is called
Stensen's duct
89
abnormal connection btwn the salivary ducts and other structures
salivary fistula
90
symptoms of salivary gland pathologies
-bad taste in the mouth
-difficulty opening the mouth
-dry mouth
-pain in face or mouth
-swelling in face or neck
91
sialolith/calculi
med term for a stone (calculi) in the duct or gland
92
contrast study of the salivary ducts
sialography
93
T or F: sialography is both therapeutic and diagnostic
T
94
T or F: only 1 duct can be studied at a time during sialography
T
95
what contrast media is used for sialography
lohexol/omnipaque (water soluble/non-ionic contrast)
96
what team members are needed for sialography
physician and radtech
97
3 phases of sialography
preoperative, filling, and emptying
98
how many times does the pt have to suck on a lemon during sialography
2x (during preop and emptying)
99
pharynx extends from __ to ___
occipital to C6-C7
100
pharynx eventually connects to the ___
esophagus
101
3 portions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (NOL)
102
base of the tongue forms ___ anterior wall
oropharynx
103
lies posteriorly above soft and hard palates
nasopharynx
104
lies posteriorly to the larynx
laryngeal pharynx
105
its anterior wall is formed by the posterior surface of the larynx
laryngeal pharynx
106
portion of larynx that extends inferiorly to connect with the esophagus
laryngeal pharynx
107
organ of the voice
larynx
108
Movable tubular structure suspended from hyoid bone
larynx
109
what flips up to keep food from going into nasal passageway during swallowing
uvula
110
begins at the esophagus' first natural constriction
cervical esophagus
111
stretches from C6-T1
cervical esophagus
112
what happens if epiglottis is NOT blocking the larynx
aspiration
113
what exam uses a special chair
MBS
114
contrast media used for MBS
thin and thick barium, semi-solid barium (pudding), barium on a solid (i.e. cracker), barium mixed in a carbonated beverage
115
___ projections is usually the only image taken during a MBS
lateral
116
an AP image may be taken during a MBS is there is a ___
unilateral abnormality
117
largest gland in the body
liver
118
biliary system consists of
gallbladder and bile ducts
119
gallbladder is located ___ to the liver
posterior
120
bile does what
breaks down fat
121
ballbladder's narrow neck
cystic duct
122
2 main hepatic ducts
right and left
123
R and L hepatic ducts join together to form the
common hepatic duct
124
hepatic refers to the
liver
125
common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into the ___ via the ____
duodenum; ampulla of vater
126
amp of vater is controlled by the
sphincter of Oddi
127
pancreas is a ___ gland
endocrine and exocrine
128
exocrine portion of the pancreas does what
produces pancreatic juices
129
endocrine portion of the pancreas
consists of Islets of Langerhan's- produce insulin and glucagon
130
chole
relationship w bile
131
cysto
bag or sac
132
choledocho
common bile duct
133
cholecyst
gallbladder
134
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones
135
cholelithiasis
gallstones
136
if gallstones are Ca based
appear as dense structures on x-ray
137
if gallstones are other material than Ca
appear as filling defects on radiograph
138
choledocholithiasis
stones in the bile duct
139
what does ERCP stand for
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
140
ERCP is used to
diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathologic conditions
141
during an ERCP, contrast is administered through the ___
common bile duct
142
what is IC used for
to evaluate the patency of bile ducts and detect un-palpable stones
143
IC is performed after
exposing, draining, and exploring the biliary tract
144
for IC, IR is centered to
RUQ
145
Postoperative cholangiography (T-tube) aka
delayed cholangiography
146
a PC is performed via a ____ left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for postoperative drainage
t-shaped tube
147
pt prep for PC
preceding meal withheld; cleansing enema 1 hour before procedure if needed
148
which exams require pt prep
only PC (t-tube)
149
what image is obtained before a PC
KUB
150
what position is pt in for PC
RPO
151
what is centered to IR for a PC
RUQ
152
contrast is administered into ___ for PC
t-tube
153
what pts is a PTC performed on
jaundice pts
154
what position is pt in for PTC
supine
155
T or F: PTC is sterile
true
156
what side of the pt is surgically draped and prepped for a PTC
right side
157
what is injected under fluoro during a PTC
contrast
158
what proj are taken during an ERCP
spot, PA
159
LI begins and ends at
junction of the SI and ends at the anus
160
4 main parts of LI
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
161
muscular bands that form haustra
taeniae coli
162
attached to posteromedial side of cecum
veriform appendix
163
colon has 4 portions
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
164
functions of the LI
-reabsorption of fluids
-elimination of waste products
165
measurements of defacography images are made of ____
the anorectal angle and the angle btwn the long axes of the anal canal and rectum
166
fistula
abnormal passageway between two organs
167
sinuses
abnormal channels leading to abscesses
168
fistula involving small bowel
thin barium is ingested and followed by fluoro
169
proj for fistula/sinus evals
scout images (if no fluoro)
right angle proj (AP and Lateral)
oblique proj (occasionally to show full extent of a sinus tract)
