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3046 > 3046 exam 1 > Flashcards

3046 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

livers function

A

to produce bile

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2
Q

gallbladder function

A

concentration, storage, and evacuation of bile

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3
Q

c-arm goes in __ during ERCP

A

RUQ

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4
Q

largest salivary gland

A

parotid

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5
Q

soft palate covers the ___ when swallowing

A

nasal cavity

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6
Q

epiglottis covers the ___

A

larynx

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7
Q

normal projections taken for fistula or sinus

A

AP and lateral; if need futher eval: obliques

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8
Q

for defecography: contrast is administered:

A

rectally via enema

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9
Q

what do we do to make sure the epiglottis is sealed over the trachea for a MBS

A

chin tuck

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10
Q

how do you administer contrast for an examination of the colon

A

rectally

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11
Q

which exam does NOT use barium as a contrast agent

A

sialography

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12
Q

do you use a cleansing enema for defecography

A

no

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13
Q

is an ERCP sterile

A

no

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14
Q

for an ERCP, the scope ends at the __ and the catheter is inserted via the ____

A

ampulla of vater ; common bile duct

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15
Q

what is the role of cholecystkinin

A

activates the GB to contract and evacuate bile into the duodenum

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16
Q

different names for defecation dysfunction

A

evacuation proctography OR dynamic rectal examination

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17
Q

what is used as a secretory agent during the sialography exams

A

lemon wedges

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18
Q

how long should you wait and suck on the lemon wedge before inserting contrast into the duct opening

A

2-3 min

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19
Q

-sial/siolo

A

saliva or salivary glands

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20
Q

angi/angio

A

duct or vessel

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21
Q

sub-

A

below

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22
Q

dent/den/deno

A

teeth

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23
Q

lingual

A

tongue

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24
Q

mandibular

A

mandible

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25
Q

lith/litho

A

stone

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26
Q

itis

A

inflammation

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27
Q

ectomy

A

removal

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28
Q

otomy

A

incision

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29
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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30
Q

what gland is located behind the mandibular rami

A

parotid

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31
Q

what gland is located under the center of the mandibular body

A

submandibular

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32
Q

what gland is the smallest and narrowly shaped

A

sublingual

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33
Q

what gland is located under the tongue on both sides of the frenulum

A

sublingual

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34
Q

what ducts are located under the tongue

A

submandibular

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35
Q

any gland which secretes saliva

A

salivary glands

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36
Q

what type of gland is a salivary gland

A

exocrine gland

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37
Q

salivary secretion is under ___ control

A

nervous

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38
Q

the average person produces how much saliva per day

A

1 liter or 2 pints

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39
Q

parotid duct opens into the mouth around the ___

A

second molar

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40
Q

how many submandibular glands are there

A

2

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41
Q

submandibular duct (AKA)

A

wharton’s duct

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42
Q

how many sublingual glands are there

A

2

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43
Q

sialography is only performed for which glands

A

parotid and submandibular

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44
Q

does sialography require pt. prep

A

no

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45
Q

during the filling stage of sialography, the drip is ___ inches above the level of the mouth

A

28

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46
Q

sialography projections

A

panoramic
parotid gland - tangential and lateral
submandibular - lateral, axiolateral

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47
Q

the ___ serves as a passage for both food and air

A

pharynx

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48
Q

larynx extends from

A

C4-C6

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49
Q

____ is situated above laryngeal entrance

A

larynx

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50
Q

act of swallowing

A

deglutition

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51
Q

MBS is aka

A

videofluoroscopic study (VFSS)

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52
Q

imaging and recording for MBS

A

30 fps

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53
Q

divides liver into 2 major lobes (R and L)

A

falciform ligament

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54
Q

2 minor lobes of liver

A

quadrate and caudate

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55
Q

2 blood supplies of the liver

A

hepatic artery and portal vein

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56
Q

pear-shaped, sac like organ with a capacity of 2 oz

A

gallbladder

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57
Q

common hepatic duct and cystic duct join together to form

A

common bile duct

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58
Q

which duct joins the pancreatic duct

A

common bile duct

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59
Q

cholangio

A

bile duct

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60
Q

T or F: ERCP is both therapeutic and diagnostic

A

T

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61
Q

ERCP is useful when

A

ducts are not dilated and ampulla is not obstructed

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62
Q

during an ERCP, the scope visualizes the ___

A

amp of vater

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63
Q

what procedure is sterile

A

interoperative cholangiogram and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

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64
Q

IC is frequently performed AFTER

A

excising the gallbladder, usually performed during a cholecystectomy

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65
Q

pt. is lying ___ for ERCP

A

prone

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66
Q

pt. is lying ____ for IC

A

supine

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67
Q

T or F: biliary duct is full of contrast during an IC

A

T

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68
Q

why is a PC performed

A

to demonstrate: caliber and patency of ducts, status of sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, the presence of residual or previously undetected stones

69
Q

T-tube is clamped for a PC; why?

A

fills tube with bile to prevent air bubbles from entering, air bubbles mimic radiolucent stones

70
Q

what is a PTC

A

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram

71
Q

why is a PTC performed

A

when a jaundice pt’s ductal system has been demonstrated as dilated by CT or sonography

72
Q

what is administered before a PTC

A

local anesthetic

73
Q

what is inserted during a PTC

A

special skinny needle called a Chiba

74
Q

what projections are taken during a PTC

A

spot AP

75
Q

series of pouches along the LI

A

haustra

76
Q

the pouch-like portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the ___

A

cecum

77
Q

why arent cleansing enemas recommended for defecography

A

water remaining in the rectum dilutes contrast

78
Q

AFTER contrast is instilled, pt. sits in ___ position on a ____ commode in ___ of the fluoro tower

A

lateral; radiolucent; front

79
Q

what projections are obtained during defecography

A

lateral

80
Q

what rate are the images taken during defecography

A

1-2 fps

81
Q

pt. prep to evaluate fistulas and sinuses of the colon

A

bowel prep to clear intestinal tract and fecal matter

82
Q

fistula involving the colon

A

barium is instilled by enema

83
Q

fistula involving the bladder

A

bladder is filled with iodinated contrast

84
Q

cutaneous fistula and sinus tract

A

iodinated contrast administered through a small-diameter catheter

85
Q

functions of salivary glands

A

make and excrete saliva which helps with deglutition (swallowing) and mastication (chewing)

86
Q

how many parotid glands

A

2

87
Q

the ____ is a small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid duct on the inner surface of the cheek

A

parotid papilla

88
Q

the parotid duct is called

A

Stensen’s duct

89
Q

abnormal connection btwn the salivary ducts and other structures

A

salivary fistula

90
Q

symptoms of salivary gland pathologies

A

-bad taste in the mouth
-difficulty opening the mouth
-dry mouth
-pain in face or mouth
-swelling in face or neck

91
Q

sialolith/calculi

A

med term for a stone (calculi) in the duct or gland

92
Q

contrast study of the salivary ducts

A

sialography

93
Q

T or F: sialography is both therapeutic and diagnostic

A

T

94
Q

T or F: only 1 duct can be studied at a time during sialography

A

T

95
Q

what contrast media is used for sialography

A

lohexol/omnipaque (water soluble/non-ionic contrast)

96
Q

what team members are needed for sialography

A

physician and radtech

97
Q

3 phases of sialography

A

preoperative, filling, and emptying

98
Q

how many times does the pt have to suck on a lemon during sialography

A

2x (during preop and emptying)

99
Q

pharynx extends from __ to ___

A

occipital to C6-C7

100
Q

pharynx eventually connects to the ___

A

esophagus

101
Q

3 portions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (NOL)

102
Q

base of the tongue forms ___ anterior wall

A

oropharynx

103
Q

lies posteriorly above soft and hard palates

A

nasopharynx

104
Q

lies posteriorly to the larynx

A

laryngeal pharynx

105
Q

its anterior wall is formed by the posterior surface of the larynx

A

laryngeal pharynx

106
Q

portion of larynx that extends inferiorly to connect with the esophagus

A

laryngeal pharynx

107
Q

organ of the voice

A

larynx

108
Q

Movable tubular structure suspended from hyoid bone

A

larynx

109
Q

what flips up to keep food from going into nasal passageway during swallowing

A

uvula

110
Q

begins at the esophagus’ first natural constriction

A

cervical esophagus

111
Q

stretches from C6-T1

A

cervical esophagus

112
Q

what happens if epiglottis is NOT blocking the larynx

A

aspiration

113
Q

what exam uses a special chair

A

MBS

114
Q

contrast media used for MBS

A

thin and thick barium, semi-solid barium (pudding), barium on a solid (i.e. cracker), barium mixed in a carbonated beverage

115
Q

___ projections is usually the only image taken during a MBS

A

lateral

116
Q

an AP image may be taken during a MBS is there is a ___

A

unilateral abnormality

117
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

118
Q

biliary system consists of

A

gallbladder and bile ducts

119
Q

gallbladder is located ___ to the liver

A

posterior

120
Q

bile does what

A

breaks down fat

121
Q

ballbladder’s narrow neck

A

cystic duct

122
Q

2 main hepatic ducts

A

right and left

123
Q

R and L hepatic ducts join together to form the

A

common hepatic duct

124
Q

hepatic refers to the

A

liver

125
Q

common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into the ___ via the ____

A

duodenum; ampulla of vater

126
Q

amp of vater is controlled by the

A

sphincter of Oddi

127
Q

pancreas is a ___ gland

A

endocrine and exocrine

128
Q

exocrine portion of the pancreas does what

A

produces pancreatic juices

129
Q

endocrine portion of the pancreas

A

consists of Islets of Langerhan’s- produce insulin and glucagon

130
Q

chole

A

relationship w bile

131
Q

cysto

A

bag or sac

132
Q

choledocho

A

common bile duct

133
Q

cholecyst

A

gallbladder

134
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones

135
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

136
Q

if gallstones are Ca based

A

appear as dense structures on x-ray

137
Q

if gallstones are other material than Ca

A

appear as filling defects on radiograph

138
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

stones in the bile duct

139
Q

what does ERCP stand for

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

140
Q

ERCP is used to

A

diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathologic conditions

141
Q

during an ERCP, contrast is administered through the ___

A

common bile duct

142
Q

what is IC used for

A

to evaluate the patency of bile ducts and detect un-palpable stones

143
Q

IC is performed after

A

exposing, draining, and exploring the biliary tract

144
Q

for IC, IR is centered to

A

RUQ

145
Q

Postoperative cholangiography (T-tube) aka

A

delayed cholangiography

146
Q

a PC is performed via a ____ left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for postoperative drainage

A

t-shaped tube

147
Q

pt prep for PC

A

preceding meal withheld; cleansing enema 1 hour before procedure if needed

148
Q

which exams require pt prep

A

only PC (t-tube)

149
Q

what image is obtained before a PC

A

KUB

150
Q

what position is pt in for PC

A

RPO

151
Q

what is centered to IR for a PC

A

RUQ

152
Q

contrast is administered into ___ for PC

A

t-tube

153
Q

what pts is a PTC performed on

A

jaundice pts

154
Q

what position is pt in for PTC

A

supine

155
Q

T or F: PTC is sterile

A

true

156
Q

what side of the pt is surgically draped and prepped for a PTC

A

right side

157
Q

what is injected under fluoro during a PTC

A

contrast

158
Q

what proj are taken during an ERCP

A

spot, PA

159
Q

LI begins and ends at

A

junction of the SI and ends at the anus

160
Q

4 main parts of LI

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

161
Q

muscular bands that form haustra

A

taeniae coli

162
Q

attached to posteromedial side of cecum

A

veriform appendix

163
Q

colon has 4 portions

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

164
Q

functions of the LI

A

-reabsorption of fluids
-elimination of waste products

165
Q

measurements of defacography images are made of ____

A

the anorectal angle and the angle btwn the long axes of the anal canal and rectum

166
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway between two organs

167
Q

sinuses

A

abnormal channels leading to abscesses

168
Q

fistula involving small bowel

A

thin barium is ingested and followed by fluoro

169
Q

proj for fistula/sinus evals

A

scout images (if no fluoro)
right angle proj (AP and Lateral)
oblique proj (occasionally to show full extent of a sinus tract)

3046 (1 decks)

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