302 Flashcards
TC AIM RAC 9.2 > Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR), Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) and Terminal Arrival Area (TAA) > (Excerpt, 2nd paragraph)
(…) STARs are developed to …
simplify clearance procedures at higher density airports and are individually depicted in the Canada Air Pilot(CAP).
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring
Allow aircraft operating on SIDs, STARs, and RNAV routes to…
… conduct their own navigation to the extent possible.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Arrivals > STAR
Allow the aircraft to…
… conduct its own navigation to the extent possible.
MATS ACC > ATS Surveillance > Vectoring > Vectoring Initiation
If you initiate vectoring, inform the pilot of the following:
- The purpose of vectors and/or the point to which the aircraft is being vectored
- That the aircraft’s SID or STAR is cancelled, if applicable
Advantages of STARs
The advantage of STARs is that they:
- Provide standard routings
- Simplify procedures for both pilots and controllers
- Permit optimized use of airspace
- Present significant fuel savings
- Reduce pilot-controller communications
Disadvantages of STARs
- Inefficient, unpredictable spacing on final
- Designed to be flown to the DTW/FACF; if not, more workload for controller and pilot
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Arrivals > STAR
Consider an aircraft to have been cleared for the STAR if …
… the STAR is included in the routing portion of the flight plan.
Does the STAR provide descent clearance.
NO
ATC has to issue descent clearance
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Enroute Operations > Altitude > Altitude Instructions > Wrong-Way Altitude Assignment
You may assign an altitude inappropriate to the direction of flight in the following situations:
- An aircraft is doing any of the following:
◦ Holding
◦ Arriving
◦ Departing
CARs 602.32 > Airspeed Limitations
Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than _____if the aircraft is below ______; or
250 knots
10,000 feet ASL
CARs 602.32 > Airspeed Limitations
Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than _____ if the aircraft is ________ within _______ of a controlled aerodrome unless authorized to do so in an air traffic control clearance
200 knots
below 3,000 feet AGL
10 nautical miles
MATS TWR > Flight Information > Aerodrome Information > ATIS > ATIS Format
Keep ATIS messages concise. Do not include ATIS message time or RVR in the ATIS message.
Include the following information, as applicable, in the sequence indicated:
- Aerodrome name
- Message code letter
- Weather information,
- Type of instrument approach in use, including information on simultaneous
parallel or converging operations - Landing runway, both IFR and VFR, including information on hold short
operations and the stopping distance available - Departure runway, both IFR and VFR
- Aerodrome conditions that may affect the arrival or departure of aircraft.
- Restriction or suspension of landings or takeoffs.
- Instruction that aircraft are to acknowledge receipt of the ATIS broadcast on initial contact with the ATS Unit.
Weather information included in ATIS
◦ Time of weather report or sequence
◦ Surface wind, including gusts
◦ Visibility, weather and obstructions to vision, and sky condition (specify the ceiling if applicable). You may replace this information with the term CAVOK. LAWO sites are only to include visibility and ceiling information.
◦ Temperature
◦ Dew point
◦ Altimeter setting
◦ Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs, and PIREPs[9]
◦ Other pertinent weather information
Aerodrome conditions that are included in ATIS
Aerodrome conditions include:
◦ An RSC report—Only the RSC for the runway(s) in use is included on the ATIS broadcast, either by thirds or by full runway length as applicable.
◦ A CRFI report—Only the CRFI for the runway(s) in use is included on the ATIS broadcast, either by thirds or by full runway length, as applicable.
◦ NOTAM information—This may be omitted from an ATIS message after a broadcast period of 12 hours at domestic aerodromes, and 24 hours at international airports.
◦ Bird activity—Only if required for extreme conditions outlined in unit procedures. Do not include information already published in the CFS
MATS TWR > Flight Information > Aerodrome Information > ATIS > ATIS Identification
ATIS messages are identified with a code letter as follows:
- Assign a code letter in sequence from the phonetic alphabet, beginning with ALFA, and continuing to ZULU until all letters are used, then start a new cycle without regard to the beginning of a new day.
MATS TWR > Flight Information > Aerodrome Information > ATIS > ATIS Revision
Record a new message if any of the following occurs:
- A new METAR or SPECI is received.
- A new LAWO observation is conducted.
- An applicable SIGMET, AIRMET, or PIREP is received, updated, or cancelled.
- The altimeter setting changes by ± 0.04 inches or more since the last recorded altimeter data.
- The type of IFR approach is changed.
- A runway is changed.
- An applicable NOTAM is received, updated, or cancelled.
- A change in runway conditions is reported.
MATS TWR > Flight Information > Aerodrome Information > ATIS > ATIS Revision
If the ATIS message cannot be kept current due to rapidly changing conditions…
… record a message that all or part of the information will be issued by the unit.
MATS ACC > Flight Information > Information Service > ATIS Exemptions
Except during rapidly changing conditions, you need not issue information included in the current ATIS broadcast, provided …
… the pilot acknowledges receipt of the broadcast
Inform pilots of any new and pertinent information that differs from the current ATIS message
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Arrivals > Landing Information
If an aircraft has been cleared for a STAR, then on initial contact…
… the arrival controller must inform the aircraft of the landing runway.
MATS ACC > Traffic Management > Arrivals > Landing Information
After issuing landing information, if you learn of information that may affect an aircraft’s descent, approach, or landing…
… inform the pilot promptly. Pilots may be unaware of recent changes that may affect flight safety, such as runway changes
Effects
The main effects of L LVL WS are:
- Turbulence
- Violent air movement (updrafts, downdrafts, or swirling or rotating air patterns)
- Sudden increase or reduction of indicated airspeed
- Sudden increase or decrease of ground speed and/or drift
Possible additional effects of L LVL WS on aircraft operations:
- Missed approaches or aborted takeoffs
- Aircraft control issues
- Increased aircraft spacing
- Cessation of takeoffs and landings
- Passenger discomfort
SIGMETs must contain the following information and be structured in the following order:
a. Area affected
b. Meteorological phenomenon
c. Forecast or observed, if applicable
d. Height of layers affected, if applicable
e. Type of aircraft reporting the phenomenon, if applicable
f. Expected movement
g. Expected development, if applicable (e.g. INTSFYG, WKN, NO CHNG)
h. Tendency beyond the period of coverage, if applicable
There is international agreement on the list of phenomena that call for SIGMETs; the phenomena are limited to the most serious hazards of vital importance to all types of aircraft:
- Active thunderstorm areas lines of thunderstorms
- Hurricanes, tropical storms
- Moderate hail
- Severe turbulence
- Severe icing
- Marked mountain waves
- Widespread sandstorms or dust storms
- Volcanic ash
- Severe squall lines
- Low-level wind shear
- Tornadoes or waterspouts
MATS ACC > Glossary
WAKE TURBULENCE - Turbulent air behind an aircraft caused by any of the following:
- Wing-tip vortices
- Rotor-tip vortices
- Jet-engine thrust stream or jet blast
- Rotor downwash
- Prop wash
MATS ACC > Appendix: Forms and Reports > Flight Data Recording > Flight Data Strip Information
Aircraft Identification
- Enter 3-7 alphanumerical characters
- Indicate if the flight is a MEDIVAC
- Indicate if the aircraft is in the super wake turbulence category
MATS ACC > Appendix: Forms and Reports > Flight Data Recording > Flight Data Strip Information
Aircraft Type
- The number of aircraft if more than one
- The appropriate wake turbulence category prefix
- The appropriate ICAO aircraft type designator
- The forward slash (/) and one or more appropriate letters from the equipment list found in the CFS
FOR WAKE TURBULENCE SEPERATION AND CAUTIONAIRIES …
A Boeing 757 is a ___________ when it is the leading aircraft
HEAVY
FOR WAKE TURBULENCE SEPERATION AND CAUTIONAIRIES …
An ultralight aircraft is a _________
LIGHT
FOR WAKE TURBULENCE SEPERATION AND CAUTIONAIRIES …
A motorized aircraft is ___________ when it proceeds a hang glider or occupied balloon
HEAVY
Wake turbulence is caused by _________ and is a by-product of ______.
wing tip vortices
lift
Vortex Strength
The strength of these vortices is governed by:
- The shape of the wings,
- The weight
- The speed of the aircraft
The most significant factor is the weight
The greatest vortex strength occurs under conditions of :
- heavy weight
- clean configuration,
- and slow speed
There are several ATS surveillance separation standards. The number of miles you can use between aircraft is determined by several considerations such as:
- Type of surveillance source
- Type of Air Traffic Control Service offered
- Amount of airspace displayed
- Distance from a radar site
MATS ACC > Separation > Wake Turbulence Separation > Standard Wake Separation
Apply the appropriate wake turbulence separation minimum between the following aircraft:
- Two identified IFR aircraft, unless the required ATS surveillance separation minimum is greater than the wake turbulence separation minimum
- An aircraft receiving ATS surveillance control service and any other identified aircraft with a verified type and altitude
MATS ACC > Separation > Wake Turbulence Separation >Standards Wake Turbulence Separation > Airborne Wake Turbulence Separation
When applying wake turbulence separation with ATS surveillance, use a minimum indicated in the table below for any of the following situations:
- An aircraft is operating at the same altitude in front of another aircraft
- An aircraft is crossing an altitude in front of another aircraft
- A VFR aircraft that is in the super, heavy, or a heavier category is on final ahead of an IFR aircraft.
- An aircraft is ahead of an aircraft that is conducting an instrument approach
- An aircraft is being vectored unless visual separation is established.
MATS ACC > Separation > Wake Turbulence Separation > Standard Wake Separation > Airborne Wake Turbulence Separation
When a heavier departure is ahead of an IFR arrival on visual approach on a crossing flight path…
..issue a cautionary.
MATS ACC > Separation > Wake Turbulence Separation > Standard Wake Separation > Wake Cautionaries
In addition to the information detailed above, issue a cautionary as indicated in any of the following situations:
- You observe that an identified aircraft will have less than the appropriate wake turbulence separation from a leading heavier aircraft.
- A potential hazard exists due to wake turbulence
MATS ACC > Separation > Wake Turbulence Separation > Standard Wake Separation
Be aware of the possible hazards caused by wake turbulence. If you judge it necessary , you may do any of the following:
- Increase a wake turbulence separation minimum.
- Apply a wake turbulence separation minimum for a situation that is not covered by a specific minimum.
- Issue a cautionary.
- Provide wake-avoidance information to any lighter aircraft that is following another aircraft. The wake vortex zone is indicated in Wake Vortex Zone Created by In-Flight Aircraft.
Issues to consider with standard wake separation
- Calm winds and stable air
- Crosswind or tailwind that might hold a vortex on a runway or cause it to drift to another runway
