300ClassNotesCH13HEAD,NECK,LYMPATICS

Question 1

Facial muscle

Answer 1

function symmetrical
Facial structures—symmetric
Eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, mouth appear the same

CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 2

Three (3) pairs of salivary glands

Answer 2

Parotid gland—in the cheeks over the mandible
Submandibular glands—beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
Sublingual glands—lie in the floor of the mouth

Question 3

Temporal artery location

Answer 3

superior to the temporalis muscle; pulse anterior to the ear

Question 4

Vessels in neck

Answer 4

Common carotid artery
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein

Question 5

Major neck muscles

Answer 5

Sternomastoid—allows head rotation, flexion

Trapezius—allows shoulder movement, extension and turning of the head

Question 6

Major neck muscles

Answer 6

Sternomastoid—allows head rotation, flexion
Trapezius—allows shoulder movement, extension and turning of the head

CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

Question 7

1. Thyroid gland

Answer 7

Straddles the trachea
Has 2 lobes
Synthesizes and secretes thyroid hormones
Highly vascular

Question 8

Lymphatics

Answer 8

Part of immune system—detect and eliminate foreign substances

Question 9

Lymphatic nodes located through body but accessible in only 4 areas:

Answer 9

Head and neck
Arms, axilla
Inguinal region

Question 10

The head and neck contain ____ lymphnoides

Answer 10

60-70

Question 11

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 11

Increased size of lymph nodes ( > 1 cm)
Indicates infection, allergy, or neoplasm

Check areas enlarged nodes drain for the source of a problem

Question 12

Developmental Competence: Infants regarding head size

Answer 12

fontanels close within first 2 years (anterior fontanel)
Head size greater than chest circumference at birth
posterior close 1-2 months

Question 13

Developmental Competence: Adolecents: regarding thyroid

Answer 13

enlargement of thyroid cartilage—voice deepens

Question 14

Developmental Competence: aging adults

Answer 14

: facial bones and orbits appear more prominent

Question 15

Subjective data: Headaches:

Answer 15

caution if client has severe headache without history of headaches

Use PQRSTU

Associated factors/symptoms: N/V; visual changes; fever

Question 16

Subjective data: Head Injury:

Answer 16

get the story

Associated factors/symptoms: neck pain; visual changes; nasal or ear discharge

Question 17

Subjective data: Dizziness

Answer 17

: Use PQRSTU

Also ask about—food/fluid intake; vomiting; bloody or black stools; occupation; falls

Question 18

Subjective data: Neck Pain

Answer 18

Use PQRSTU

Determine whether there is a history of injury

Ask about: occupation; stress

Question 19

Objective Data: head/face

Answer 19

Note—size; shape; symmetry; skin; muscle tone

Assess CN VII

Question 20

Objective Data: Neck

Answer 20

Assess for general swelling
Note range of motion 
Assess carotid pulsation—one side only!
Check for lymph node enlargement
Assess CN XI

Question 21

Objective Data: Trachea

Answer 21

Palpate to establish it is midline

Why would it not be in the midline?

Question 22

Thyroid gland: should not be

Answer 22

Should not be visibly enlarged

Should not be easy to palpate

Question 23

Infants and children: Fontanels

Answer 23

Anterior fontanel will bulge with crying or lying down

Fontanels will feel firm, concave

Question 24

Infants and children: Two common variations in newborn making head appear assymetric; Caput succedaneum & Cephalhematoma

Answer 24

Caput succedaneum—edematous swelling and ecchymosis of presenting part of head
Cephalhematoma—subperiosteal hematoma, reabsorbed during first few weeks of life

Question 25

Infants and children: Molding is

Answer 25

overriding of cranial bones during birth-lasts only a few days or a week

Question 26

Infant can turn head side to side by

Answer 26

2 weeks

Question 27

Head controlled achieve by

Answer 27

4 months

Question 28

Are child lymph nodes more easy to palpate than adults

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

What is nuchal ridigty

Answer 29

neck stiffness), photophobia (intolerance of bright light) and headache.

Question 30

how do you assess for nuchal ridgity

Answer 30

It is a sign of irritation of the meninges, such as seen in meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhages and various other diseases.

Question 31

what does nuchal rigidity mean

Answer 31

resistance to flexion can be a sign of nuchal rigidity and pain of flexion indicated meningeal irritation or meningitis

Question 32

Sign and symptoms that occur with concussion

Answer 32

headache or pressure, N/V sensitivity to light and/or sound, changes to reaction time, balance, and/or coordination, changes in memory, judgments, and or speech, sleep pattern changes

Question 33

Sign and symptoms can arise how in concussions

Answer 33

quickly or be delayed, appearing over several days. Most individuals sign and symptoms disappear in ten days

Question 34

one concussion raises the risk of what? especially when

Answer 34

having another, especially with in 10 days of the initial concussoin

Question 35

Upper tracheal ring

Answer 35

cricoid cartilage

Question 36

thyroid cartilage

Answer 36

is just above the cricoid—also known as Adam’s Apple

Question 37

what would cause the trachea to move towards unaffected side

Answer 37

pneumothorax, tumor, unilateral thyroid enlargement

Question 38

what would cause the trachea to move towards affected side

Answer 38

atelectasis, pleural adhesion or fribrasis