300 questions & answers Flashcards
What colour should a dark room be painted? A)Black B)White C)Grey D)Beige
B)White
The ideal temperature that a darkroom should be is; A)20-22c B)23-25c C)18-20c D)16-18c
C)18-20c
The minimum distance that a direct safelight should be away from a work surface is; A)3m B)2m C)1.2m D)2.1m
C)1.2m
Which bulb wattage would you use in a safelight? A)15w B)20w C)25w D)30w
A)15w
The active ingredient in developer is; A)Ammonium thiosulphate B)Calcium carbonate C)Phenolic oxalate D)Phenidone hydroquinone
D)Phenidone hydroquinone
The optimum temperature for a manual processing developer is; A)22c B)21c C)20c D)19c
C)20c
The active ingredient in fixer is; A)Ammonium thiosulphate B)Calcium carbonate C)Phenolic oxalate D)Phenidone hydroquinone
A)Ammonium thiosulphate
How long should a radiograph be washed for prior to drying? A)5-10mins B)10-15mins C)15-20mins D)15-30mins
D)15-30mins
What stage is omitted from an automatic processor? A)Developer B)Rinse/stop bath C)Fixer D)Final wash
B)Rinse/stop bath
At what temperature should automatic processing chemicals be kept? A)24c B)26c C)28c D)30c
C)28c
What are the grains called that are on the film base and react with the light? A)Gold halides B)Gold bromide C)Calcium halides D)Silver halides
D)Silver halides
Non screen film may be used for; A)Intra oral views B)Intracranial views C)Intracardiac views D)Intrahepatic views
A)Intra oral views
The phosphor calcium tungstate emits; A)Green light B)Blue light C)Red light D)Yellow light
B)Blue light
Which ONE of the following is the BEST material for cleaning intensifying screens? A)Cotton wool B)Tissue paper C)Swabs D)Nailbrush
C)Swabs
A fast film/screen combination requires; A)More exposure B)Less exposure C)An average exposure D)Any of the above, because it makes no difference anyway
B)less exposure
A grid is placed; A)Between the table and the cassette B)Between the x-ray beam and the patient C)Between the patient and the cassette D)Between the patient and the radiographer
C)Between the patient and the cassette
Tissue over a certain thickness should be x-rayed using a grid. What is the thickness? A)40cm B)15cm C)20cm D)10cm
D)10cm
Which legislation tells us that a patient should NOT be held for radiography, unless in exceptional circumstances?
A)The health and safety at work act
B)The Control of Substances Hazardous to health
C)The ionising radiation regulations 1981
D)The ionising radiation regulations 1999
D)The ionising radiation regulations 1999
Scattered radiation increasing with; A)An increased mA B)A decreased mA C)An increased kV D)A decreased kV
C)An increased kV
Which ONE of the following is used as a filter to stop low energy x-rays leaving the tube window? A)Copper B)Lead C)Aluminium D)Tungsten
C)Aluminium
The RPS is appointed;
A)Within any practice involved with radiography
B)Outside the practice
C)Only if the practice takes more than 10 radiographs a week
D)Only if the practice has more than four people working there
A)Within any practice involved with radiography
The RPA is appointed?
A)Within the practice
B)Outside the practice
C)Only if the practice take more than 10 radiographs a week
D)Only if there are more than four people working in the practice
B)Outside the practice
Which ONE of the following people should NEVER be present during radiography? A)16-17yr olds B)People over the age of 18 C)Over 21s D)Under 16yrs of age
D)Under 16yrs of age
Dosemeters should be worn;
A)On the shirt collar, outside a protective apron
B)On the trunk, beneath a protective apron
C)On the trunk, outside a protective apron
D)On the shirt collar, beneath a protective apron
B)On the trunk, beneath a protective apron
The term medical describes a location; A)Towards the medial plane B)Towards the tail C)Towards the head D)Away from the medial plane
A)Towards the medial plane
When positioning for a BVA hip screen x-ray, where would you centre the primary beam? A)On the wings of the ilium B)On the pubic symphysis C)On the acetabulum D)On the head of the femur
B)On the pubic symphysis
Rostral describes a location; A)Away from the medial plane B)Towards the tail C)Towards the nose D)Towards the head
C)Towards the nose
The phosphor calcium tungsten emits which colour light? A)Green B)Blue C)Red D)Magenta
B)Blue
Does a “fast” film require a; A)Long exposure B)Quick exposure C)Medium exposure D)Any of the above
B)Quick exposure
What is latent image?
A)An image on the film after processing
B)Calcium tungsten crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
C)Silver halide crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
D)An image on the film before processing
D)An image on the film before processing
A focused grid has;
A)Both parallel and angled lead slats
B)Lead slats parallel to each other
C)Lead slats parallel to each other but getting smaller in size towards the edge of the grid
D)Lead slats are at right angles to each other
A)Both parallel and angled lead slats
A radiograph requires an exposure of 20mA when taken at a film/focal distance of 90cm without a grid. What exposure will be required if a grid with a grid factor of 4 is used? A)5mA B)30mA C)40mA D)80mA
D)80mA
Which ONE of the following is NOT an example of a phosphor used in intensifying screens? A)Calcium tungstate B)Rare earth phosphors C)Barium lead sulphate D)Silver bromide
C)Barium lead sulphate
The radiation protection supervisor is usually;
A)A member of the practice, who is responsible for radiation safety but need not be present every time the x-ray machine is used
B)A meme bear of the practice, who is normally in charge of radiation safety and therefore must be present at every radiographic examination
C)A veterinary surgeon who holds a diploma in veterinary radiography, and acts as an advisor in matters of radiation safety
D)An external advisor, who can advise on radiation protection
A)A member of the practice, who is responsible for radiation safety but need not be present every time the x-ray machine is used
The target of an X-ray tube is usually made of; A)Copper B)Lead C)Silver D)Tungsten
D)Tungsten
What may cause a film to be too pale? A)Exhausted developer B)Overexposure C)Scattered radiation D)Static electricity
A)Exhausted developer
Which ONE of the following controls the quality or penetrating power of the x-ray beam? A)kV B)mA C)Time of exposure D)All of the above
A)kV
Lead lined protective clothing is fully effective against;
A)The primary beam and scattered radiation
B)The primary beam only
C)Scattered radiation only
D)Any sort of radiation at all
C)Scattered radiation only
Which ONE of the following items of equipment will reduce the risk of exposure to the primary beam? A)Aluminium filter over the tube window B)Light beam diaphragm C)Protective clothing D)Rare earth screens
B)Light beam diaphragm
Which ONE of the following will reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film?
A)Increasing the film/focal distance
B)Increasing the kV and decreasing the mA
C)Reducing the exposure time and increasing the mA
D)Reducing the size of the primary beam
D)Reducing the size of the primary beam
The old mA is 16. What will the new mA be given that the FFD is to be changed from 30 to 20? A)5mA B)6mA C)7mA D)8mA
C)7mA
An exposure for the radius of a GSD puppy was 30 kV, 10mA. Unfortunately the puppy has a wet plaster of Paris cast on. What will the new exposure be? A)30kV 20mA B)30kV 40mA C)40kV 10mA D)60kV 10mA
B)30kV 40mA
An exposure for a Labrador is 50kV and 15mA. However a grid factor of 2 is to be used. What will the new exposure be? A)50kV 7.5mA B)100kV 15mA C)50kV 30mA D)100kV 30mA
C)50kV 30mA
If the kV is raised by 10 to 70kV and the mA is 20 what effect will this have on the exposure? A)70kV and 10mA B)70kV and 40mA C)80kV and 20mA D)80kV and 60mA
A)70KV and 10mA
What will the exposure be if the FFD is changed from 75cm to 90cm with an old mA of 20? A)16 B)16.67 C)24 D)28.8
D)28.8
An exposure of 60kV and 40mA using a grid with a factory of 2 has proved successful. What will the exposure be if the grid is removed? A)10mA B)20mA C)60mA D)80mA
B)20mA
What will the exposure time be fore an exposure of 15 mAs with the mA at 10? A)1 second B)1.5seconds C)2seconds D)3seconds
B)1.5seconds
Which ONE of the following is an example of a water soluble positive contrast agent? A)Barium sulphate B)Air C)Carbon dioxide D)Iodine
D)Iodine
Who is responsible for writing the radiographic local rules? A)The senior partner B)The RPA C)The RPS D)The head nurse
B)The RPA
In a typical practice the controlled area is within a \_\_\_\_\_ radius from the primary beam; A)6metres B)4metres C)2metres D)0.5metres
C)2metres
Which one of the following imaging techniques cannot be used for sketch investigations? A)Ultrasonography B)CT scanning C)Magnetic resonance imaging D)Scintigraphy
A)Ultrasonography
Inherited abnormalities caused by radiography are due to; A)Somatic effects B)Genetic effects C)Carcinogenic effects D)Cumulative effect
B)Genetic effects
A film that is too dark may be as a result of; A)FFD too short B)Underexposure C)Underdevelopment D)FFD too long
A)FFD too short
The term soot and whitewash may be used to describe a film when; A)The developer was not stirred B)Overexposure has occurred C)The kilovoltage is too low D)Fogging has occurred
C)The kilovoltage is too low
Dirty intensifying screens will result in; A)Yellow stains on the film B)Borders around the film C)Fogging D)Small bright marks on the film
D)Small bright marks on the film
Which ONE of the following is responsible for image blurring? A)Patient movement B)Scattered radiation C)FFD too long D)Fogging
A)Patient movement
What remedial action would you NOT take to prevent fogging? A)Collimate beam B)Increasing kilovoltage C)Use a grid D)Use films before expiry date
B)Increasing kilovoltage
Black crescent marks may be prevented by;
A)Correct washing procedure
B)Use anti static screen cleaner
C)Careful handling of unprocessed film
D)Cleaning the rollers of the automatic processor
C)Careful handling of unprocessed film
The minimum standard of lead equivalent for protective gloves and sleeves is; A)0.30mm equivalent B)0.35mm equivalent C)0.20mm equivalent D)0.25mm equivalent
B)0.35mm equivalent
Radiography density is determined by the;
A)Exposure factor
B)Exposure factor and processing technique
C)Processing technique
D)Focal film distance
B)Exposure factor and processing technique
Which ONE of the following statements concerning positioning for radiography is NOT true?
A)Exposures of the abdomen should always be taken on inspiration
B)Exposures of the chest should always be taken on inspiration
C)The nasal chambers are best viewed using an intra oral film
D)To examine the hearts a D/V view is more useful than a V/D view, as in the later the heart may tip to one side
A)Exposures of the abdomen should always be taken on inspiration
Which one of the following is most Radiopaque? A)Gas B)Bone C)Fat D)Soft tissue
B)Bone
The degree of absorption by a given tissue does NOT depend on; A)The atomic number B)The specific gravity of the tissue C)Thickness of the tissue D)The milliamperage
D)The milliamperage
Positively charged particles contained in the centre of an atom are known as; A)Electrons B)Photons C)Neutrons D)Protons
D)Protons
The height of a the strips to the width of the Radiolucent interspace in the grid is known as the; A)Grid factor B)Grid ratio C)Grid lines D)Grid number
B)Grid ratio
Film that is both blue and green light sensitive is known as; A)Monochromatic B)Non screen C)Orthochromatic D)Ultraviolet
C)Orthochromatic
The developer contains a restrainer to; A)Reduce the amount of developemental fog B)Maintain alkalinity of the solution C)Maintain the acidity of the solution D)Prevent oxidation
A)Reduce the amount of developmental fog
If the FFD is too long the resultant image will be; A)Blurred B)Too dark C)Too pale D)Fogged
C)Too Pale
Which one is not a remedial action for a film that is too pale? A)Increase temperature of developer B)Change developer C)Increase exposure D)Increase FFD
D)Increased FFD
Fogging is not caused by; A)Scattered from the table B)Scatter from the patient C)Developer not stirred D)Exposure to white light before fixing
C)Developer not stirred
Which one of the following is not a danger associated with radiography? A)Visible B)Painless C)Latent D)Cumulative
A)Visible
Which technique would be used to demonstrate a joint space? A)Fistulography B)Arthrography C)Bronchography D)Venography
B)Arthrography
The quantity of the x-rays produced depends upon; A)Miliamperage B)Length of the exposure C)Both a and b D)Kilovoltage
C)Both a and b
Which one of the following will not reduce scatter radiation? A)Collimation of the beam B)Compression band C)Increase kV D)Grid
C)Increased kV
Blurring of one part of the film will occur due to; A)Poor screen film contact B)Underexposure C)Over exposure D)FFD too long
A)Poor screen film contact
Which one of the following is the most Radiolucent? A)Metal B)Bone C)Fat D)Soft tissue
C)Fat
Which combination will give you the best definition? A)Fast film, fast screen B)Fast film, slow screen C)Slow film, fast screen D)Slow film, slow screen
D)Slow film, slow screen
Which one of the following techniques is most likely to be used for fine needle aspiration of the liver? A)Computed tomography B)Magnetic resonance imaging C)Scintigraphy D)Ultrasound
D)Ultrasound
Which one of the following is not required for films submitted to BVA/kennel club hip dysplasia scoring scheme? A)Patient’s kennel club number B)Dog’s name C)Date D)Left marker
B)Dog’s name
Which one of the following affects the quality of the x-ray beam? A)The kilovoltage B)The miliamperage C)Time D)The tube rating
A)The kilovoltage
What would the mA be if the FFD was altered from 75cm to 100cm assuming that the correct mA is 30? A)30mA B)60mA C)50mA D)70mA
C)50mA
To maintain the same exposure, what would the mA be if the kV was increased by 10? Current exposure used is 20kV 30mA. A)20kV 10mA B)30kV 15mA C)30kV 20mA D)30kV 20mA
B)30kV 15mA
White patches on a film may be caused by;
A)Water splashes on the film before processing
B)Developer splashes onto the film before processing
C)Insufficient washing
D)Fixer splashes onto film before processing
D)Fixer splashed onto film before processing
Which one of the following has a higher atomic number than bone? A)Gas B)Fat C)Soft tissue D)Metal
D)Metal
Blackening of the film is caused by the; A)Kilovoltage B)Milliamperage C)Increased FFD D)Kilovoltage and milliamperage
D)Kilovoltage and milliamperage
Electrons are;
A)Negatively charged particles which orbit the nucleus
B)Positively charged particles in the nucleus
C)Particles of similar size protons but carry no charge
D)Combination of two or more elements
A)Negatively charged particles which orbit the nucleus
The maximum dose of radiation a member of the general public (over18) may legally receive to the whole body in a year is; A)no dose at all B)5mSv C)15mSv D)50mSv
B)5mSv
The use of x-rays in practice is controlled by which piece of legislation?
A)Health and safety at work act
B)COSHH regulations
C)Guidance notes for the protection of person against ionising radiations arising form veterinary use
D)Ionising Radiation regulations
D)Ionising radiation regulations
By using which one of the following techniques could you reduce radiation hazards by the greatest amount? A)Increasing the KV B)Reducing FFD C)Use of the grid D)Use of the rare earth screens
D)Use of the rare earth screens
Which one of the following affects radiographic contrast? A)kV B)mA C)Use of a grid D)All of the above
A)kV
Which one of the following procedures will help to improve the definition of an x-ray image by the greatest amount? A)Use of a non screen film B)Decreasing film/focal distance C)Increasing film/focal distance D)Increasing kV
A)Use of a non screen film
An x-ray film that you have processed is too dark. How would you correct this error? A)Increase development time B)Increase kV C)Reduce the exposure time D)Reduce the film/focal time
C)Reduce the exposure time
A processed film is very grey with poor contrast between the image and the background. What could be the cause? A)kV too high B)Film fogged by radiation C)Exhausted developer D)Developer temperature too night
B)Film fogged by radiation
A radiograph of an anaesthetised animal is blurred. What might be the cause? A)Exhausted developer B)Inadequate fixing C)Poor film/screen contrast D)Underexposure
C)Poor film/screen contrast
What mark or artefact would insufficient washing after fixation leave on a finished radiograph? A)White spots B)Dark spots C)Yellow stains D)Cloudy appearance
C)Yellow stains
Which are the two major components of an x-ray film emulsion? A)Gelatin and silver halides B)Gelatin and silver ions C)Silver ions and silver halides D)Gelatin and silver oxide
A)Gelatin and silver halides
The filament of an X-ray tube is normally made of; A)Copper B)Lead C)Silver D)Tungsten
D)Tungsten
When taking a radiograph for the BVA/kennel club hip dysplasia scoring scheme, what information must be included on the radiograph?
A)Dogs name, kc number, L/R marker
B)Kc number, date, L/R marker
C)Kc number, L/R marker
D)Practice name and address, dogs name, L/R marker
B)Kc number, date, L/R marker
In which one of following positions should a dog be placed following a myelogram?
A)Head elevated about 30 degrees
B)Normal recovery position
C)The head lowered below the rest of the body
D)Sternal recumbency
A)Head elevated about 30 degrees
Which one of the following is not an advantage of rare earth screens? A)Increased exposure time B)Decreased patient dose C)Improved image quality D)Reduced tube current
A)Increased exposure time
Which film fault is responsible for white spots on the radiograph?
A)Dirt on the intensifying screens
B)Film not agitated sufficiently
C)Fixer splashed onto the film before processing
D)Film underdeveloped
A)Dirt on the intensifying screens
Which one of the following chemicals is not a constituent of the fixer? A)Ammonium thiosulphate B)Boric acid C)Potassium bromide D)Sodium acetate
C)Potassium bromide
Which is the fixing agent used in a fixer? A)Ammonium chloride B)Ammonium thiosulphate C)Potassium hydroxide D)Sodium acetate
B)Ammonium thiosulphate
Which one of the following is removed from the film during fixing? A)Ammonium thiosulphate B)Silver halide C)Silver nitrate D)Sodium chloride
B)Silver halide
Where would you find an intensifying screen?
A)In a grid
B)In an x-ray cassette
C)On the well (used to illuminate x-rays for viewing)
D)In the developing tank
B)In an x-ray cassette
You have developed a radiograph using the wet tank method, and the film has turned out yellow. What is this due to?
A)Contamination of the developer
B)Exhausted developer
C)Fixer being split on the film before processing
D)Fixing time too short
D)Fixing time too short
When taking a ventro-dorsal radiograph of the cervical spine, the disc spaces will be viewed most accurately if;
A)The forelimbs are pulled forwards, towards the animals head
B)The neck is supported with sandbags
C)The tube head is inclined 15-20 degrees towards the tube head
D)The tube head is inclined 15-20 degrees towards the thorax
B)The neck is supported with sandbags
When positioning a dog for a BVA/kennel club hip radiograph, the beam should be centred on; A)The acetabula B)The pubic symphysis C)The sacrum D)The wings of the ilium
B)The pubic symphysis
Use of rare earth screens may decrease exposure factors or time by up to; A)10% B)30% C)70% D)90%
D)90%
The spreed of the intensifying screen is increased by;
A)A thick fluorescent layer of large crystals
B)A thick fluorescent layer of small crystals
C)A thin fluorescent layer of large crystals
D)A thin fluorescent layer of small crystals
A)A thick fluorescent layer of large crystals
What effect will faster speed have on the definition of the film image? A)Increased B)Decreased C)Magnified D)Unaffected
B)Decreased
What is the exposure fault of a radiograph with a pale image, of HIGH contrast, on a dark background? A)kV too low B)kV too high C)mA too low D)mA too high
A)kV too low
The use of grid required an increase in the; A)Milliamperage/second B)Kilovoltage C)Film focl distance D)Colimation
A)Milliamperage/second
The latent image of the exposed radiation is the result of; A)The developing process B)The fixing process C)Exposure to light/x-ray photons D)Scatter radiation
C)Exposure to light/x-ray photons
If you were developing non-screen film annually, how much longer would you leave the film in the developer compared to screen film? A)Double the normal developing time B)Increase by 2 minutes C)Same time as normal film D)Increase by 30 seconds
A)Double the normal developing time
