30 Week Exam

Question 1

Russian Revolution

Answer 1

Vladimir I Lenin leads a violent overthrow of Czar Nicholas II’s rule and establishes a communist government.

Question 2

Russian Revolution Causes

Answer 2

• Peasants were denied basic human rights
• Food and fuel shortages
• Heavy military losses in World War I

Question 3

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

Answer 3

Lenin’s promise for the Russian people

Question 4

Lenin’s 1920s “New Economic Policy”

Answer 4

Lenin introduced some elements of capitalism to stimulate agricultural and industrial production

Question 5

Fascism

Answer 5

A very nationalistic, non-democratic form of government. The state is supreme and there is little individual freedom

Question 6

Benito Mussolini

Answer 6

The fascist leader of Italy before and during WWII. Aligned Italy with Germany and Japan (the Axis Powers)

Question 7

Adolf Hitler

Answer 7

The fascist leader of Nazi Germany. Believed in the superiority of the “Aryan” race and wanted to expand German land. Caused World War II and the Holocaust.

Question 8

Rise of Fascism in Germany

Answer 8

• Awful economy caused Germans to look for a strong political leader
• Hitler promises undo the Treaty of Versailles and to restore Germany to greatness

Question 9

Totalitarian Government

Answer 9

A one-party system of government with total control of all parts of life. Uses intimidation and terror to control people.

Question 10

Nazi Party

Answer 10

• Hitler’s party
• Wanted to expand German territory throughout Europe
• Very racist

Question 11

The Holocaust

Answer 11

The organized murder of 6 million Jewish people and other minorities. A genocide.

Question 12

Genocide

Answer 12

The intentional mass killing of a race or culture of people. A human rights violation.

Question 13

Causes of WWII

Answer 13

• German aggression
• Failure of the League of Nations
• Appeasement

Question 14

Appeasement

Answer 14

Britain and France kept allowing Hitler to take lands because they did not want another war.

Question 15

Munich Conference

Answer 15

Meeting between Hitler and English and French leaders. England and France pursue appeasement and allow Hitler to take Austria and Sudetenland

Question 16

Start of World War II

Answer 16

Germany invades Poland in September 1939 using blitzkrieg (lightning war).

Question 17

D-Day Invasion

Answer 17

June 1944. The invasion of the European mainland by the Allies. Important advantage to Allies.

Question 18

Results of World War II

Answer 18

• Germany is divided up by the Allies and occupied
• German leaders are tried for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials
• United Nations created
• Cold War begins

Question 19

United Nations

Answer 19

A global organization meant to promote peace and prevent future wars

Question 20

Nuremberg Trials

Answer 20

Nazi leaders are tried for crimes against humanity (carrying out genocide)

Question 21

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 21

The U.S. drops atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This forces Japan to surrender, ending WWII.

Question 22

Japanese imperialism

Answer 22

Japan needed more raw materials to industrialize. Become aggressive and take over Korea and parts of China.

Question 23

Pearl Harbor

Answer 23

An attack by the Japanese that forced the U.S. to join World War II on the Allies’ side

Question 24

Cold War

Answer 24

A 50-year struggle between the United States (democratic and capitalist) and the Soviet Union (totalitarian and communist). “Cold” because they never directly fought.

Question 25

Communist satellites

Answer 25

Eastern European countries that were dominated by the Soviet Union

Question 26

Truman Doctrine

Answer 26

The U.S. gave $400 million in economic and military aid to contain communism in Western Europe.

Question 27

Marshall Plan

Answer 27

The U.S. gave $13 billion to Western Europe to help them rebuild after WWII.

Question 28

Containment

Answer 28

The policy used by the US in which it attempted to stop the spread of communism.

Question 29

Berlin Wall

Answer 29

A wall built by the Communists dividing the German city of Berlin. Separates democratic West Germany from communist East Germany.

Question 30

Berlin Airlift

Answer 30

Event in which the US, Britain, and France flew in supplies to people of West Berlin after Stalin set up a blockade.

Question 31

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Answer 31

A military alliance between the United States, Canada, and democratic nations of Western Europe.

Question 32

Warsaw Pact

Answer 32

A military alliance between the Soviet Union and other Communist nations of Eastern Europe.

Question 33

Arms Race

Answer 33

The United States and Soviet Union competed to build up the largest supply of nuclear weapons.

Question 34

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 34

The US found that the Soviet Union was building missile bases in Cuba. The crisis ended when the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles.

Question 35

Korean War

Answer 35

Communist North Korea invades South Korea. The U.S. supports democratic South Korea to contain the spread of communism.

Question 36

Vietnam War

Answer 36

A conflict between Communist North Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh and democratic South Vietnam. The U.S. sends troops to South Vietnam to contain communism.

Question 37

Fall of Communism (1989)

Answer 37

- The Berlin Wall comes down - Anti-communist protests in Eastern European lead to transfer of power to democratic leaders - Gorbachev's reforms weaken the control of the. Soviet Union

Question 38

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 38

Last leader of the Soviet Union. Makes reforms (glasnost and perestroika) aimed to make the Soviet Union more democratic and capitalist. Leads to the fall of the Soviet Union.

Question 39

Glasnost

Answer 39

Political reform by Gorbachev. Allowed more freedom of speech and openness in the government.

Question 40

Perestroika

Answer 40

Restructuring of the economy to make it more efficient and less communist. Allowed some private ownership and free markets.