30 Week Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Russian Revolution

A

Vladimir I Lenin leads a violent overthrow of Czar Nicholas II’s rule and establishes a communist government.

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2
Q

Russian Revolution Causes

A
  • Peasants were denied basic human rights
  • Food and fuel shortages
  • Heavy military losses in World War I
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3
Q

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

A

Lenin’s promise for the Russian people

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4
Q

Lenin’s 1920s “New Economic Policy”

A

Lenin introduced some elements of capitalism to stimulate agricultural and industrial production

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5
Q

Fascism

A

A very nationalistic, non-democratic form of government. The state is supreme and there is little individual freedom

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6
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

The fascist leader of Italy before and during WWII. Aligned Italy with Germany and Japan (the Axis Powers)

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7
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

The fascist leader of Nazi Germany. Believed in the superiority of the “Aryan” race and wanted to expand German land. Caused World War II and the Holocaust.

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8
Q

Rise of Fascism in Germany

A
  • Awful economy caused Germans to look for a strong political leader
  • Hitler promises undo the Treaty of Versailles and to restore Germany to greatness
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9
Q

Totalitarian Government

A

A one-party system of government with total control of all parts of life. Uses intimidation and terror to control people.

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10
Q

Nazi Party

A
  • Hitler’s party
  • Wanted to expand German territory throughout Europe
  • Very racist
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11
Q

The Holocaust

A

The organized murder of 6 million Jewish people and other minorities. A genocide.

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12
Q

Genocide

A

The intentional mass killing of a race or culture of people. A human rights violation.

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13
Q

Causes of WWII

A
  • German aggression
  • Failure of the League of Nations
  • Appeasement
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14
Q

Appeasement

A

Britain and France kept allowing Hitler to take lands because they did not want another war.

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15
Q

Munich Conference

A

Meeting between Hitler and English and French leaders. England and France pursue appeasement and allow Hitler to take Austria and Sudetenland

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16
Q

Start of World War II

A

Germany invades Poland in September 1939 using blitzkrieg (lightning war).

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17
Q

D-Day Invasion

A

June 1944. The invasion of the European mainland by the Allies. Important advantage to Allies.

18
Q

Results of World War II

A
  • Germany is divided up by the Allies and occupied
  • German leaders are tried for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials
  • United Nations created
  • Cold War begins
19
Q

United Nations

A

A global organization meant to promote peace and prevent future wars

20
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

Nazi leaders are tried for crimes against humanity (carrying out genocide)

21
Q

Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

The U.S. drops atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This forces Japan to surrender, ending WWII.

22
Q

Japanese imperialism

A

Japan needed more raw materials to industrialize. Become aggressive and take over Korea and parts of China.

23
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

An attack by the Japanese that forced the U.S. to join World War II on the Allies’ side

24
Q

Cold War

A

A 50-year struggle between the United States (democratic and capitalist) and the Soviet Union (totalitarian and communist). “Cold” because they never directly fought.

25
Q

Communist satellites

A

Eastern European countries that were dominated by the Soviet Union

26
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

The U.S. gave $400 million in economic and military aid to contain communism in Western Europe.

27
Q

Marshall Plan

A

The U.S. gave $13 billion to Western Europe to help them rebuild after WWII.

28
Q

Containment

A

The policy used by the US in which it attempted to stop the spread of communism.

29
Q

Berlin Wall

A

A wall built by the Communists dividing the German city of Berlin. Separates democratic West Germany from communist East Germany.

30
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Event in which the US, Britain, and France flew in supplies to people of West Berlin after Stalin set up a blockade.

31
Q

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A

A military alliance between the United States, Canada, and democratic nations of Western Europe.

32
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

A military alliance between the Soviet Union and other Communist nations of Eastern Europe.

33
Q

Arms Race

A

The United States and Soviet Union competed to build up the largest supply of nuclear weapons.

34
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

The US found that the Soviet Union was building missile bases in Cuba. The crisis ended when the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles.

35
Q

Korean War

A

Communist North Korea invades South Korea. The U.S. supports democratic South Korea to contain the spread of communism.

36
Q

Vietnam War

A

A conflict between Communist North Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh and democratic South Vietnam. The U.S. sends troops to South Vietnam to contain communism.

37
Q

Fall of Communism (1989)

A
  • The Berlin Wall comes down
  • Anti-communist protests in Eastern European lead to transfer of power to democratic leaders
  • Gorbachev’s reforms weaken the control of the. Soviet Union
38
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

Last leader of the Soviet Union. Makes reforms (glasnost and perestroika) aimed to make the Soviet Union more democratic and capitalist. Leads to the fall of the Soviet Union.

39
Q

Glasnost

A

Political reform by Gorbachev. Allowed more freedom of speech and openness in the government.

40
Q

Perestroika

A

Restructuring of the economy to make it more efficient and less communist. Allowed some private ownership and free markets.