30 Vocabulary Need To Know Flashcards
Civilization
A culture that has cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art.
Hammurabi’s Code
Follow a system of strict justice, based on “an eye for an eye,” penalties varied between upper and lower class.
Democracy
Government directly or through representatives “the rule of the many”
Government
Everything with a connection to a country; people, customs, and institutions
Monarchy
Title of King, queen, etc. which is hereditary and is in office for life
Aristocracy
Power in the hands of the upper class
Oligarchy
Small group, “the rule of few”
Republic
Government in which leader is not a king; citizens have the right to vote
Tyranny
Government in which one person holds all the power
Ten Commandments
Laws God gave to Moses
Monotheism
Belief in one God
Reformation
Broke away from the Catholic Church and created Lutheranism
Magna Carta
“Great Charter”; King John was forced to sign it in 1215
Divine Right of Kings
Belief that kings received their power from God
Glorious Revolution
Mary and William overthrow the King of England (King John) and made him sign the English Bill of Rights
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch is head of state but limited by a constitution
English Bill of Rights
After the glorious revolution, gave specific rights to citizens
Enlightenment
Movement where thinkers (intellects) were looking to better their society through “reason”
Social Contact
Entire society agrees (majority) majority forces minority
Natural Rights
John Locke’s concept; everyone gets rights to life, liberty, and property
Declaration of Indpenedence
Began the Evolutionary War, Thomas Jefferson declared colonies free and clear of the British
Checks and Balances
Part of the separation of powers in government; executive, legislative, and judicial
U.S. Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments guaranteed rights
Social classes/estates
Separation of class, inequality; background of the French Revolution
Reign of Terror
Led by the Committee of Public Safety. 40,000 were sent to guillotine
Plebiscite
Votes; everyone participates
Napoleonic Code
Napoleon (1804) made it so everyone was equal (not by birth) go to most qualified for jobs
Congress of Vienna
Meeting of European leaders; old order was restored
Balance of Power
Arrangement of power to prevent any on country from dominating
Nationalism
Cultural identity of nationality, language, and religion
