30 Seconds Sit to Stand Test

Question 1

Purpose

Answer 1

• Was designed for testing leg strength and endurance in older adults.
• Part of the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test Battery.
• Developed to overcome the floor effect of the five or ten repetition sit to stand test in older adults.
• There is some consideration for its use as a physical performance test in younger adults and athletic populations,

Question 2

Intended Population

Answer 2

• Adults 18-64 years
• Older adults and geriatric care (65 years and above)
• People with osteoarthritis.

Question 3

Method of Use

Answer 3

• Administered using a folding chair without arms, with a seat height of 16 inches.
• The chair, with rubber tips on the legs, is placed against a wall to prevent it from moving.
• The participant is seated in the middle of the chair, back straight; feet approximately a shoulder width apart and placed on the floor at an angle slightly back from the knees, with one foot slightly in front of the other to help maintain balance. Arms are crossed at the wrists and held against the chest.
• Demonstrate the task both slowly and quickly.
• Have the patient practice a repetition or two before completing the test.
• If a patient must use their arms to complete the test they are scored 0.
• The participant is encouraged to complete as many full stands as possible within 30 seconds. The participant is instructed to full sit between each stand.
• While monitoring the participants performance to ensure proper form, the tester silently counts the completion of each current stand. The score is the total number of stands within 30 seconds (more than halfway up at the end of 30 seconds counts as a full stand). Incorrectly executed stands are not counted.
• The 30-second chair stand involves recording the number of stands a person can complete in 30 seconds, rather than the amount of time it takes to complete a pre-determined number of repetitions. That way, it is possible to assess a wide variety of ability levels with scores ranging from 0 for those who can not complete 1 stand to greater than 20 for more fit individuals.

Question 4

Evidence - Community-dwelling elderly adults

Answer 4

• Excellent test-retest reliability.
• A pilot study using a subsample of 15 participants shows excellent interrater reliability.
• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg press performance for all participants
• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg press performance of men.
• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg performance of women.

Question 5

Evidence - osteoarthritis

Answer 5

• Established test-retest reliability between two administrations of the test on the same day by the same rater at three time points over 15 weeks in 40 patients awaiting total hip or knee replacement. Intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.97 to 0.98.
• Established inter-rater reliability between two administrations of the same test by two different raters on the same day. Reliability was assessed at three time points over 15 weeks in 42 patients awaiting total hip or knee replacement. Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.93 to 0.98.

Question 6

Evidence - construct validity in OA individuals awaiting joint replacement of the hip or knee

Answer 6

• Excellent correlation to the 50 feet walk test
• Poor correlation to the Patient Specific Function Scale.
• Adequate correlation to the 36-Item Short Form Survey.
• Adequate correlation to the SF-36 Physical Component Summary.
• Excellent correlation to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.
• Adequate correlation to the SF-36 Mental Health.

Question 7

Evidence - responsiveness in OA indivdiuals awaiting joint replacement of the hip or knee

Answer 7

• Significantly higher scores for individuals who did not ambulate with gait aide compared to individuals who did ambulate with gait aid.
• Standardised response mean = 0.84
• Guyatt’s responsiveness index = 0.98

Question 8

Haemodialysis Patients

Answer 8

• The STS-30 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability.
• There was a significant strong correlation between STS-30 with exercise capacity.
• The 30-second STS test is reliable for identifying haemodialysis patients with exercise capacity impairments.

Question 9

Physical Performance Testing

Answer 9

• 81 participants between 18-35 averaged 33.0 + 5.4 repetitions during the 30CST.
• Excellent test-retest reliability between 2 30CST trials in this group.
• Significant, strong negative correlation between 30CST repetitions and time to complete the 5 times sit to stand.
• Significant, strong positive correlation with the lateral step-up test.
• Individuals identified as sufficiently active performed a statistically significant greater number of repetitions that those in the insufficiently active group.
• Due to its strong psychometric properties, the 30CST may be a useful tool to assess functional LE in young adults, and for use as a physical performance test for athletes.