30 MARKER EDUCATIONAL POLICY Flashcards
EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL MARKET AND ITS POLICIES - introduction
INTRO - THEORIES BEHIND M/P AND GENERAL AIMS OF M/P
- Neoliberals argue that the best way to allocate resources is through a free market with consumer driving force/progress/state shouldnt control individuals/improves educational standards in globalised world economy
freeing up schools so people can compete with eachother - parents are given power - parentocracy
supporters argue
ending direct control of the state will remove the dead hand of the state
supporters argue :
- improves educational standards for ALL pupils
- improves educational opportunities esp parental and pupils choice
- ending one size fits all for schools
removes state control from the state
EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL MARKET AND ITS POLICIES - two key policies
Marketisation - creating a market in education - competition raises everyones standards
e.g open enrolement - part of parentocracy - allows parents to select multiple schools but specifying one as they first choice
formal funding - amount of money given to schools determined by the amount of students it attracts - pressures schools to improve results
league tables
oftead
league tables
Ofsted
EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL MARKET AND ITS effects - privatisation
academistation - ownership of state schools being handed from the local council to private organisation such as businesses, religious organisation etc
by 2021 - 86% of schools became academies - supporters argue that
academies chains - multi trust academy trusts are charities that have the reponsibilies for ruling a number of academies
free schools - 2010 academies act which allowed parents, teachers faith organisation or businesses to set up their own schools
blurring public - private sector boundary - 7% of pupils were educated in a private school sector
the globalisation of educational services
criticisms of the claim
neoliberals argue that competition , increases parental choice and placing the running of state schools in private hands will drive up school standards as they compete like business
however …..
educational policy report 2020 - discovered that disadvant6aged pupils in England are 18/1 months behind their peers at 16 years old in the same year group in 2015
formula funding - creates a spiral of decline for some schools esp w/c students as schools decline they receive less income and funding / - pupils are less likely to receive good results compared to m/c kids - reinforce es class in equalities
league tables - Gorrad and Siddiqui 2018 - although selective grammar schools normally stays on top for pupils achievement - once external factors such as poverty
, ethnicity and home language-once taken into account they do no better than other schools - leave tables are a false image of schools
academies chain Francis and Hutchings 2018 - dis pupils in 12/58 chains had attainment above rtha national average = 2/3 of academies underprefom for poorer pupils
Educational opportunities
neoliberals claim that key to improving educational opportunities is to introduce as much choice Into the educational market as possible - introducing parenrtodr4acy means educational opportunities have increased
- criticisms:
- Barlette - cream skimming and slit shifting , high achieving schools can take the best students and avoid taking less able students who are more likely to damage schools leave table - affects w/c white boys the most
- myth of parentocracy - Gertwitz - middle class = skilled privilege choosers vs w/c = disconnected local; choosers + ball agrees = parentocaty is myth that has the appearance of promoting equality
free schools - lack of pupil diversity in such schools fewer children from disadvantaged backgrounds
fragmented educati6onal provisions - as ball argues - m/p policies highly fragmented provisions in rural areas there is less choices of secondary schools - parental choice is limited
IMPACT ON THE STRUCUTRE OF EDUCATION
NEOLIBERALS - removing the dead hand of the state ending one size fits all
ball argues that p/m has de systemised state education - result is multiple schools - irrational unfair and uneven
EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION ON EDUCATIONAL POLICY - Intro
creation of a global market for a whole range of commodities including education has provided the basis for neoliberal theory
neo liberalism is both a economic theory and an ideological beliefs that argues that the most effective way to run the economy is by m axisminsin gidivudual economic freedom + reducing the amount of state intervention on the bare minimum , elimination of govt transactional movement of goods, capital and people
provided theory behind m/p and academisation policies
by arguing that an education market and consumer choice of schooling is the only way in which to improve education standards the as the state places a dead hand on innovation, neoliberalism provides justification fort recent govt educational policy
INFLUENCED EDUCATIONAL POLICY THROUGH AND INTERNATIONAL RANKING
G. ranking systems such as PISA tests enable education system to compare results in maths, English and science against a students globally
large scale international surveys such as TIMSS also influences govt policy - demand and justify major changes to the uk education system
counter arguments - critics point out that conservatives led govt since 2010 has been selective about which policies from more successful countries they have employed in the uk
for example conservative govt have set policies such as academies from the USA but ignored the high achieving Finnish education system which has no private schools - so lessons from high achieving countries are not always taken/applied to uk + cultural differences
poclies promoted in other countries have been applied to the uk - on an extradodinarly large scale
e.g biggest change in the past 75 years has been p/m of state schools which stems from the charter movement - impact = 86% if English secondary schools are now academies - impact of this neoliberal and radical change to the education system
similarly the development of free schools in the uk resulted from claims of their effectiveness in Sweden
criticism - some have criticised these policies as it mostly benefited middle class children as unlike w/c children their parents had economic and cultural capital necessary to est such a school however they got ideological presences of the govt since at least 2020 - huge prominence
creation of multi billion pound global education market
sell services oversees arguably helping improve education standards by having a broad and wide experience
most uk education services industries are foreign owned
e.g edexcel is owned by Pearsons - a major us educational publishing and testing company
contracts for education serviced can be sold as a commodity by the original company to others such as investment funds
e.g in 2005 the ups four leading educational software companies are all owned by global multi nationals
companies such as apple and Microsoft provided educational software to all schools
marxist argue that it is apart of western expansion of western capitalism with it empathises on the pursuit of international profit
ball
privistation of educational assets and serves have turned state education into a commodity - primary focuss is private profit making
hall argue that a market will drive up standards is a myth + an ideological smoke screen t6hat will hide the actual aim which is to turn it to a source of private profit
Role of the internet
knowledge is more widely available and faster to access students and teachers can also build networks that assist in teaching and learning distance learning and assessments online
ctiisms - accessibility of the internet reinforces existing Social inequalities
global coverage of the teaching methods and curriculum - uk govt adopted the south asian mastery method of teaching and the way the new national ciruculum in England intro in 2014 was benchmarked against the best preforming nations in the world
however , NPER agrued that the most covergance of ciriculima teaching methods has Benn restricted to the teaching of science and maths, indicating that globalisation has less of an impact
not successful in achieving it aim to help all groups 2015 gap the same 18.2. month ahead of ethic student in English
