3 Week Assessment🩺

Question 1

Veins

Answer 1

Carries blood to the heart
Big lumen
Thin muscular / elastic walls

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Carries blood away from the heart
Thick muscular / elastic tissue
Small lumen

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Diffusion and exchanging of substances
1 cell thick walls
Very small

Question 4

Erythrocytes

Answer 4

Red blood cells
Biconcave shape
Large surface area
Carries oxygen
Absorbs oxygen in lungs + releases in the rest of the body

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

White blood cells
Fights infection
Long term immunity
Has a nucleus

Question 6

Thrombocytes

Answer 6

Platelets
Small fragments of cell
No nucleus
Sticky
Forms clot at wound surface

Question 7

Monocyte

Answer 7

Removes dead cells and bacteria

Question 8

Lymphocyte

Answer 8

T-cells
Destroys viruses and cancer cells

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

B-cells
Produces auntibodies

Question 10

Blood clotting

Answer 10

Platelets stick together
Fibrin (strands of protein) form net at damaged site
Forms scab

Question 11

Temperature regulation

Answer 11

Hypothalamus in the brain detects temperature and sets off change
-sweat glands release
-capillaries widen / dilate
-hair stands up
-shiver (respiration)

Question 12

Double circulatory system advantages

Answer 12

Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
Efficient
Makes sure deoxygenated blood goes into the pulmonary loop to pick up oxygen
Makes sure oxygenated blood travels to organs so cells can respire

Question 13

Systole

Answer 13

Ventricles contract
Blood ejected out of

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

Ventricles relax
Refills with blood

Question 15

Atrio- ventricular valves

Answer 15

Bi + tricuspid valves
Open in one direction to create one way system
Prevents back blow of blood

Question 16

Semi lunar valves

Answer 16

Open in one direction to create one way system
Prevents back blow of blood

Question 17

Sino-atrial node (SAN)

Answer 17

Passes a wave of electrical current through the atria making them contract

Question 18

Atrial - ventricular node (AVN)

Answer 18

Slows down the passage of current down to ventricle to allow them to fill with blood

Question 19

Purkyne fibre

Answer 19

Carries current down the middle of the ventricles to the APEX of the heart

Question 20

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

Answer 20

Monitors hearts electrical activity
Electrodes attached to chest + limbs
Detects changed in polarisation by measuring current at skin surface
Leads connected to machine - draws an ECG

Question 21

Tachycardia

Answer 21

Faster heart rate
Lots of QRS peaks

Question 22

Bradycardia

Answer 22

Slower heart rate
Fewer peaks of QRS

Question 23

Arrhythmia

Answer 23

Irregular heart beat
PQRST waves each different height and times