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RGS 3rd Form Physics MAC > 3 Waves, Sound and EM Spectrum > Flashcards

3 Waves, Sound and EM Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

An ambulance is producing sound represented by wave 2

Which wave would represent the sound an observer would hear as the ambulance approached them?

A

Wave 3.

frequency increases and wavelength decreases as the ambulance approaches the observer.

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2
Q

What is the use of UV radiation?

A

flourescent lamps

used to detect conterfeit money

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3
Q

Give three properties (features) common to all EM waves

A

all travel at the same speed in a vaccum (3 x 108m/s)

all transverse waves

all travel through a vacuum

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4
Q

Which wave has the largest wavelength?

A

wave 1

largest distance between adjacent crests

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5
Q

How can you make a transverse wave with a slinky?

A

Move your hand in a side to side movement

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6
Q

Equation:

Wave speed v =

A

wave speed = wavelength x frequency

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7
Q

Label the compressions, rarefactions and wavelength on the longitudinal wave below

A
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8
Q

What is 204 nm in m?

A

n stands for nano (x10-9)

204 x 10-9 m

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9
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

When there is a change in frequency of a wave if the source is moving towards or away from an observer.

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10
Q

How can you make a longitudinal wave with a slinky?

A

move your hand in a forwards and backwards movement

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11
Q

An ambulance is producing sound represented by wave 2

Which wave would represent the sound an observer would hear as the ambulance travelled away from them?

A

Wave 1.

The frequency of the sound would decrease and wavelength increase as the ambulance moves away from the observer.

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12
Q

Fred noticed that 10 waves passed a point in 5 seconds. What is the frequency of the wave?

A

frequency = 10 waves/ 5 s

= 2 Hz

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13
Q

What is 700 µm (micrometres) in metres?

A

µ = x 10-6

700µm = 700 x 10-6 m

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14
Q

What is a wavefront?

A

A wavefront connects all points on a wave which are moving in time

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15
Q

Which wave has the largest amplitude?

A

wave 2

It has the largest displacement from the equilibrium

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16
Q

What is the unit for time period?

A

seconds or s

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17
Q

What is the unit for amplitude?

A

metres (m)

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18
Q

Match the following terms with their definition

A

frequency- the number of waves going past in one second

wavelength- the length of one repeat of the wave pattern

wave speed- how far a wave travels in one second

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19
Q

Why are UV waves dangerous?

A

cause blindness

damage surface skin cells and cause skin cancer

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20
Q

What is the use of microwaves?

A

cook food

mobile phones

satellites to send signals to satellite dishes

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21
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

Where the oscillation is 90° to the direction of wave travel

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22
Q

What are the uses of infrared radiation (IR)

A

heaters

night vision

emitted by tv controllers to control t.v.

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23
Q

What is the use of X-rays?

A

Used to detect breaks in bones

look inside materials for breaks eg wings of planes

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24
Q

List the EM spectrum in order of increasing frequency

A

Radio

Microwave

IR

Visible

UV

X-ray

Gamma

25
Q

What is 13 kHz in Hz?

A

kilo k = x 103

13kHz = 13 x 103 Hz

26
Q

What is the relationship between time period and frequency?

A

frequency = 1 / time period

27
Q

List the EM spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength

A

Radio

Microwave

IR

Visible

UV

X-ray

Gamma

28
Q

How is gamma radiation dangerous?

A

It can cause mutations in cells- cancer

29
Q

How are X-rays dangerous?

A

They can cause mutations of cells- cancer

30
Q

Label the wavelength, amplitude, crest and trough of the transverse wave below

A
31
Q

How is infrared dangerous?

A

It can cause skin burns if too hot

32
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

oscillations are parallel to the direction of travel.

33
Q

Give three examples of a longitudinal wave

A

sound

shock wave

P wave

34
Q

What are the uses of radio waves?

A

broadcasting radio and tv signals

radar

walkie talkie signals

35
Q

What are the uses of gamma radiation?

A

Used to kill cancer tumours

used to sterilise medical equipment and food

36
Q

What is 100 MHz in Hz?

A

mega M = x 106

100MHz = 100 x 106 Hz

37
Q

What is the unit for wavelength?

A

metre or m

38
Q

Give three examples of a transverse wave

A

water wave

any EM wave

S wave

39
Q

Which wave has the highest frequency?

A

wave 3

it has more waves per second

40
Q

How are all the EM radiation different?

A

They have….

different wavelengths

different frequencies

therefore they have different uses and dangers

41
Q

What is the unit for wavespeed?

A

metre per second or m/s

42
Q

What is the use of visible light?

A

photography

fibre optics

43
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hertz or Hz

44
Q

How is sound created?

A

sound is created by vibrations

45
Q

List some properties of sound

A
  1. it is a longitudinal wave
  2. it is created by a vibration
  3. it cannot travel through a vacuum
46
Q

Does increasing temperature increase the speed of sound in air?

Why?

A

No

As temperature of air increases, speed of sound decreases.

Particles in warm air are more spread out and collisions between particles are more difficult

47
Q

Sound is a series of compressions and rarefactions.

How does the speed of sound compare in a solid, liquid and gas? Explain

A

Sound travel faster through a solid than a liquid and gas.

Sound is a vibration which is transferred from particle to particle via collisions.

Solid particles are closer together and have stronger forces between them- vibrations are passes between particles more quickly

48
Q

How can speed of sound through air be measured in a laboratory?

A
  • connect two microphones to a microsecond timer
  • place the two microphones 2.00 metres apart using two metre rules
  • place padding under each microphone to prevent sound travelling through the table
  • create a sharp sound behind the first microphone
  • record the time it takes for the sound to travel from microphone 1 to microphone 2
  • repeat five times and calculate the mean time
  • calculate the speed of sound through air by

s = 2.00 m / mean time

49
Q

Bats locate their prey by echosounding.

They use pulses of ultrasound and listen for the echo with their large ears. If the time between the pulse and echo is small, the insect is closer to the bat.

Name another animal which uses echo sounding.

A

dolphins

50
Q

When calculating the distance in an echosounding question, what is the most common error?

A

The distance calculated from the speed of sound and time for echo must be divided by two!

51
Q

What is the human hearing range?

A

20 - 20 000 Hz

52
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Any sound over 20 000 Hz

53
Q

Ultrasound is used to image babies in the womb.

An image is formed on the screen if reflections are received from the different surfaces (layers) of the baby.

How does the time for the reflection relate to the distance to the surface?

A

The further the surface is from the ultrasound transmitter/receiver, the longer it takes for the echo to return.

54
Q

The distance to a storm can be calculated using the lightning seen and the thunder heard.

What assumption is made in this calculation?

A
55
Q

If low frequency is low pitch sound.

What is high frequency sound?

A

High frequency = high pitch

56
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal

vibrations are parallel to direction of wave travel

57
Q

What do waves do?

A

transfer energy and information without transferring matter

58
Q

Dangers of microwaves?

A

internal heating of body tissues

59
Q

If the loudness of sound increases, what also increases?

A

amplitude

RGS 3rd Form Physics MAC (7 decks)

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