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GCSE Physics > 3- Waves > Flashcards

3- Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Waves where the vibrations are at 90° to the direction of wave travel

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2
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Waves where the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel

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3
Q

What do all waves do?

A

Transfer energy but NOT matter

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4
Q

Can transverse waves move in a vacuum?

A

Some can

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5
Q

Can longitudinal waves move in a vacuum?

A

No

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6
Q

What can transverse waves move in?

A

Solids + liquids

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7
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A
  • ripples on water
  • X rays
  • light
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8
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A
  • sound waves
  • ultrasound waves
  • P- waves
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9
Q

What can longitudinal waves move in?

A

Solids, liquids + gases

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10
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The distance from the undisturbed position to the peak or trough of a wave

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11
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance from 1 point on the wave to the same point on the next wave

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12
Q

What is frequency ?

A

The number of waves passing a point in a second

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13
Q

What is the time period?

A

The time taken for a single wave to pass a point

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14
Q

Wavefronts close together = ?

A

Short wavelength

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15
Q

Wavefronts far apart = ?

A

Long wavelength

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16
Q

What is the Doppler effect ?

A

The apparent change In wavelength and frequency of a wave emitted by a moving source

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17
Q

What are Electromagnetic waves ?

A

Transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

18
Q

What are the properties of EM waves ?

A
  • transverse
  • can all travel through a vacuum at the same speed
  • transfer energy
19
Q

What are radio waves used for + why ?

A

Long range communication - can be reflected from the earth”s atmosphere

20
Q

What are micro waves used for + why ?

A

Satellite communications + cooking - can penetrate earths atmosphere

21
Q

What are infrared waves used for + why ?

A

Optical fibre communication- can undergo total internal reflection

22
Q

What is visible light used for + why ?

A

Taking pics + vids- camera can detect visible light

23
Q

What is ultraviolet used for ?

A

Detecting security ink

24
Q

What are X-rays used for + why ?

A

To photograph bones- can penetrate soft tissues

25
Q

What are gamma rays used for + why ?

A

To sterilise medical tools- gamma kills bacteria

26
Q

Name everything in the EM spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest:

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

27
Q

Why is radiation with higher energy harmful?

A

Highly ionising: harmful to cells + tissues causing cancer

28
Q

higher frequency = ?

A

Higher energy of radiation

29
Q

In the visible light spectrum, which colour has the longest + shortest wavelength?

A

Longest - red (lowest frequency)

Shortest- violet (highest frequency)

30
Q

Increase in wavelength = ?

A

Decrease in frequency

31
Q

Decrease in wavelength = ?

A

Increase in frequency

32
Q

Shorter wavelength = ?

A

More ionising (dangerous)

33
Q

What can sound undergo?

A

Reflection + refraction

34
Q

What is reflection?

A

When a wave hits a boundary between 2 media + does not pass though but stays in the original medium

35
Q

What is refraction ?

A

When a wave or light ray moves from one medium to another + its speed changes

36
Q

From less dense material to more dense = ?

A

Light bends TOWARDS normal

37
Q

From more dense material to less dense = ?

A

Light bends AWAY from the normal

38
Q

More optically dense = ?

A

Higher refractive index

39
Q

Less optically dense = ?

A

Lower refractive index

40
Q

When does total internal reflection occur?

A
  • when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
  • when the incident material is denser than the second material
41
Q

What are the two uses for total internal reflection?

A
  • Optical fibres

- periscopes

42
Q

What is the critical angle

A

When the angle of refraction is exactly 90°

GCSE Physics (6 decks)

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