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Physics 101 > 3) Waves > Flashcards

3) Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for refractive index

A

Speed of light in a vacuum / Speed of light in a medium

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2
Q

Formula for refractive index with angles

A

Sin i / Sin r

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3
Q

Formula for critical angle/refractive index

A

n = 1/sin c

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4
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction : The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another

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5
Q

Properties of a mirror image

A

Same size

Laterally inverted

Same distance from the mirror as the object from the mirror

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6
Q

Characteristics of refraction

A

1) A ray of light is bent towards the normal when it enters an optically denser medium at an angle, for example from air to glass. The angle of refraction r is less than the angle of incidence i.
2) Away from the normal as it emerges from the denser medium.
3) The incidence ray is parallel to the emergence ray
4) A line perpendicular to the surface of the medium or travelling along the normal line is not refracted.

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7
Q

Why is light refracted?

A

its speed changes when it enters another medium.

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8
Q

The more refracted the … The less refracted the …

A

Slower, Faster

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9
Q

Total Internal reflection

A

When the angle of incidence is above the critical angle and all light is reflected inside the denser medium.

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10
Q

What is an optical fibre

A

An Optical Fibre is a thin rod of high-quality glass

Light can be trapped by total internal reflection inside a bent glass rod and ‘piped’ along a curved path

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11
Q

Convex = … Concave = …

A

Converges, diverges

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12
Q

What does it mean when a convex lens is more curved?

A

the smaller is f and the more powerful is the lens

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13
Q

Image formation rules

A
  1. Through F should be parallel to the principal
    axis
  2. Parallel to the principal axes should become toward the F.
  3. A light passing through C will not change through the lens.
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14
Q

Beyond 2F

A

Smaller, Vertically inverted, between f and 2f

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15
Q

at 2F

A

Same size, Vertically inverted, at 2F

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16
Q

between F and 2F

A

Larger, vertically inverted, Beyond 2F

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17
Q

Between F and lens

A

Larger, Upright, same side of the object

18
Q

How much light can a mirror reflect

A

95%

19
Q

What is a critical angle?

A

When a ray of light is travelling from a more dense to a less dense medium and the angle of refraction is 90’.

20
Q

What colour is the sun?

A

The sun is essentially all colours mixed together, so it is white

21
Q

What is dispersion?

A

When light is split into a spectrum and refracted/the splitting of white light into a spectrum.

22
Q

Polychromatic? Monochromatic?

A

Poly chromatic is a mixture of different colours, such as white light, and mono is a single colour, like lasers.

23
Q

Use for radio waves

A

Radio & television & comms

24
Q

Use for microwaves

A

Satelite, tvs and telephones

25
Q

Use for x-rays

A

Medicine, security

26
Q

Use for infrared

A

Electrical appliances, remote controllers for TVS

27
Q

As we go down the spectrum, Frequency … and Wavelength…?

A

Decrease, increase

28
Q

The larger the frequency, radiation is what

A

More

29
Q

How are sounds created

A

Sounds are created when there is a disturbance in the air or a vibration that travels to our ears.

30
Q

Why is “sound” a “wave”

A

Waves are vibrations that travel through a medium or vacuum, if you have a vibration that travels, its a wave, so sound is a wave.

31
Q

Is sound a longitudinal or a transverse wave

A

Longitudinal

32
Q

Longitudinal : ? Transvers : ?

A

Right left right left/travels to the waves advance

Up down up down, Direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of the wave

33
Q

Compression

A

A region where particles are pushed together

34
Q

Rarefaction

A

A region where particles are further apart than normal

35
Q

Mechanical waves

A

A wave that needs a medium to travel through eg. sound waves

36
Q

Non-mechancial

A

A wave that doesn’t need a medium, e.g. EM waves

37
Q

Speed of sound in air

A

330-350 m/s depending on temperature and humidity of the air

38
Q

How can we see sound?

A

oscilloscopes Convert vibrations of air to an electrical signal.

39
Q

Formula for frequency

A

f = 1/t or Frequency equals 1 over period

40
Q

Ultrasound?

A

Too large humans can’t hear

41
Q

Infrasound?

A

Too small that humans can’t hear

Physics 101 (3 decks)

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