Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > 3: Vasculitis > Flashcards

3: Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are vasculitides

A

Disorders characterised by inflammation of vessels resulting in down-stream ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are vasculitides classified

A

Depending on size of the vessel they affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two large-vessel vasculitides

A

GCA

Takayasu’s arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three medium-vessel vasculitis

A

Kawasaki
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Thromboangitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis

A
  • Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegner’s)
  • Eosinophillic granulomatous with polyangitis (Churg-Strauss)
  • Microscopic polyangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 non-ANCA associated small-vessel vasculitis

A
  • Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
  • Behcet’s
  • Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is takayasu arteritis also known as

A

Aortic arch syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is takayasu arteritis

A

Inflammation aortic arch and it’s branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which demographic does takayasu arteritis tend to occur

A

Asian women under 40 years-old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of takayasu’s arteritis

A
  • Unequal BP between upper limbs
  • Decrease brachial and radial pulse
  • Carotid bruit
  • Systemic features: malaise, arthralgia, fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 20% of causes of takayasu’s arteritis associated with

A

Renal-artery stenosis

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does renal artery stenosis lead to

A

Secondary HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what investigation is ordered initially in takayasu arteritis

A

ESR

CTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is gold-standard investigation in takayasu’s arteritis s

A

CT angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is takayasu arteritis managed

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what infections is polyarteritis nodes associated with

A

Hepatitis B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when should polyarteritis nodosa be considered

A

Young patient presenting with an MI or Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the neurological symptoms of PAN

A
  • Stroke

- Mononeuritis multiplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the coronary symptoms of PAN

A

MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the non-specific symptoms of PAN

A

Arthralgia
Muscle Pain
Joint Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what organ does PAN usually spare

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the ‘PANs’ of Polyarteritis nodes

A

Pulmonary Artery Not Involved
PANmural inflammation
Associated with HePANitis B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what investigation is ordered for PAN

A

ESR

24
Q

what serology is ordered and why

A

Hep B and Hep C

25
Q

what may be seen on angiogram

A

String of beads

26
Q

how is PAN managed

A

Steroids

DMARDs

27
Q

what is thrombophlebitis obliterans called

A

Buerger’s disease

28
Q

what is the stereotype of burger’s (thrombophlebitis obliterans) disease

A

Young male smoker

29
Q

what gender is Burger disease more common

A

Male

30
Q

what age is Burger disease more common

A

< 40 year-olds

31
Q

what is the main RF for Burger disease

A

Smoking

32
Q

how does Burger’s disease present in early stages

A
  • Raynaud’s
  • Superficial Thrombophlebitis = tender nodules along course of the vein
  • Intermittent claudication (PAD)
33
Q

how does Burger’s disease present in late stages

A

ischaemic ulcers

34
Q

what is ordered in Buerger’s disease

A

ABPI

Arteriography

35
Q

what is used to manage Buerger’s disease

A

Smoking cessation

Nifedipine

36
Q

what is polyangitis with granulomatosis also called

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

37
Q

what is polyangitis with granulomatosis

A

Inflammation small vessels, ANCA positive

38
Q

what is the classic presentation of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A
  • Respiratory tract symptoms (nasal crusting)

- Glomerulonephritis

39
Q

what is the first clinical-manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

ENT (95%)

40
Q

what is the main ENT manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A
  • Chronic/Recurrent sinusitis that leads to a saddle-shape nose deformity
41
Q

what % of cases have respiratory tract involvement

A

95%

42
Q

what are the typical ‘respiratory’ features of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A
  • Nasal crusting
  • Epistaxis
  • Dyspnoea
  • Haemoptysis
43
Q

what % of granulomatosis with polyangitis have renal involvement

A

80%

44
Q

what are the renal symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Glomerulonephritis

45
Q

what antibody test is associated with granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

cANCA

46
Q

what may be seen on renal biopsy in cANCA

A

crescents in bowman’s capsule

47
Q

how is granulomatosis with polyangitis managed

A

corticosteroids

cyclophosphamide

48
Q

what is eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis called

A

Churg-Stauss

49
Q

what is a feature of churg-strauss

A

Eosinophillia

50
Q

what may precipitate eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

LTRA

51
Q

what condition is churg-strauss disease associated with

A

Asthma

52
Q

what is the main symptom of churg-strauss

A

Severe allergic asthma attacks

53
Q

how does churg-strauss present

A
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Severe allergic asthma
  • ## Skin nodules
54
Q

what are the features of Churg Strauss

A
  • Asthma
  • Mononeuritis multiplex
  • Paranasal sinusitis
55
Q

what investigations are ordered in Churg Strauss syndrome

A

pANCA

56
Q

how is Churg Strauss managed

A

corticosteroids

cyclophosphamide

Immunology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions