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LSCI 202 > 3. Transcription > Flashcards

3. Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

RNA Synthesis Direction

A

3’ to 5’ of template

5’ to 3’ of new strand

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2
Q

Ion active in RNA Polymerase

A

Mg 2+

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3
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

- Template for Translation

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4
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA

- Transfers amino acids to the right place

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5
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA

- Structural components of ribosomes

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6
Q

snRNA

A

small nuclear RNAs

- Variety of nuclear activity including splicing

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7
Q

snoRNA

A

small nucleolar RNA

- Helps with modifying rRNA

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8
Q

miRNA

A

micro RNA

- Stop the translation of specific RNAs

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9
Q

siRNA

A

small interfering RNA

- Mark RNA for degradation

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10
Q

RNA Polymerase I

A

rRNA Production

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11
Q

RNA Polymerase II

A

mRNA Production

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12
Q

RNA Polymerase III

A

tRNA Production

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13
Q

Process of Polymerase Activity in Bacteria

A
  1. RNA Polymerase holoenzyme is formed
  2. Sigma factor attracts DNA and binds at promoter
  3. DNA is bent and a closed complex is formed
  4. DNA is opened and an open complex is formed
  5. Scrunching starts
  6. RNA Polymerase proceeds down the stream until termination signal met
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14
Q

RNA Polymerase holoenzyme

A

RNA polymerase + sigma factor

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15
Q

Stabilization in open form

A

Sense(non-template) binds to the RNA polymerase

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16
Q

Scrunching

A

Bringing about 10 bp into the enzyme to synthesize RNA

Fails several times until elongation begins

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17
Q

Termination

A

Hairpin formation

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18
Q

Two specific promoter sequence in Prokaryotes

A
  • 10 nucleotides: TATAAT(TATA Box)

- 35 nucleotides: TTGACA

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19
Q

TBP

  • Function
  • Position
A

Tata box Binding Protein

  • Recognizes the TATAAT sequence
  • In the TFIID Subunit
  • Bends the helix to create separation
20
Q

TFIID

A

Binds to TBP

Enables the binding of TFIIB

21
Q

TFIIB

A

The end of TFIIB recognizes TTGACA

Accurately locates RNA polymerase

22
Q

TFIIF

A

Stabilizes RNA polymerase interaction with TBP and TFIIB

Attracts TFIIE and TFIIH

23
Q

TFIIE

A

Attracts and regulates TFIIH

24
Q

TFIIH

A

Unwinds DNA at transcription start point
Phosphorylates the Ser5 at the CTD
Releases polymerase from promoter

25
Q

CTD

A

C-Terminal Domain

The “tail” of the polymerase that gets phosphorylated

26
Q

BRE

A

B Recognition Element
Eukaryote
-35
TFIIB

27
Q

TATA

A

Eukaryote -30

Prokaryote -10

28
Q

INR

A

Initiator Element
Eukryote
Start point
TFIID

29
Q

DPE

A

Downstream promoter element
Eukaryote
+30
TFIID

30
Q

Coiling of DNA in Transcription

A

Negative supercoiling is left behind (upstream) which makes it easier for new polymerase activity to begin

31
Q

Caps on RNA

A

5’ Methyl G cap

3’ Poly A tail

32
Q

Proteins on the CTD

A

Capping Proteins
Splicing Proteins
Polyadenylation Proteins

33
Q

Start of an intron

A

Usually GU

34
Q

End of an intron

A

Almost always AG

35
Q

snRNP

A

small nuclear Ribonuclear Proteins

36
Q

Splicing Process

A
  1. U1 binds to 5’(upstream) splice junction / BBP & U2AF recognize the branch-point
  2. U2 snRNP replaces BBP and U2AF
  3. U4/U6 & U5 enters. U4/U6 complex is separated and U6 replaces U1. This creates an active site for first phosphoyl-transferase reaction U1 and U4 leaves.
  4. The RNA-RNA rearrangement produces site for the second phosphoryl-transferase activity and a lariat is released
  5. EJC is added
37
Q

BBP

A

Branch-point Binding Protein

38
Q

EJC

A

Exon Junction Complex

39
Q

Cryptic Splicing Signals

A

Hidden factors within an exon that causes the splicing within an exon

40
Q

Poly A tail signaling

A

20~30 Nucleotides before the actual cut

41
Q

CstF

A

Cleavage stimulation Factor

42
Q

CPSF

A

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor

43
Q

Termination of Transcription

A
  1. Polyadenylation signal is recognized by CstF and CPSF
  2. PAP is attracted by these proteins and RNA is cleaved by other proteins.
  3. Poly-A-tail is synthesized
  4. Poly-A-binding proteins bind
44
Q

Termination of Transcription

A
  1. Polyadenylation signal is recognized by CstF and CPSF
  2. PAP is attracted by these proteins and RNA is cleaved by other proteins.
  3. Poly-A-tail is synthesized
  4. Poly-A-binding proteins bind
45
Q

PABP

A

Poly-A-tail Binding Protein

46
Q

PAP

A

Poly-A Polymerase

LSCI 202 (7 decks)

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