3. Thermal Flashcards
Temperature (T)
a. The property that determines the direction of thermal energy transfer between two
objects.
b. A measure of the average random kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.
Thermal Equilibrium
two objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the
same temperature so that there is no transfer of thermal energy between them
Internal Energy (J)
The total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance
Thermal Energy (Heat) (Q)
Energy transferred between two substances in thermal contact due to a temperature difference
Mole
An amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms as 0.012kg of 12 C
Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of a substance
Avogadro constant (N A )
The number of atoms in 0.012 kg of 12 C
Thermal Capacity (C)
the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by
1K
Specific Heat Capacity (c)
the energy required per unit mass to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K
Boiling
a phase change of a liquid into a gas that occurs at a fixed temperature
Evaporation
when faster-moving molecules have enough energy to escape from the surface of a liquid that is at a temperature less than its boiling point, leaving slower moving molecules behind which results in a cooling of the liquid
Specific Latent Heat (L)
energy per unit mass absorbed or released during a phase change
Pressure (P)
force per unit area acting on a surface
Ideal Gas
a gas that follows the ideal gas equation of state (PV = nRT) for all values of P, V, and T (an ideal gas cannot be liquefied)
Real Gas
a gas that does not follow the ideal gas equation of state for all values of P, V, and T (a real gas can approximate an ideal gas in some circumstances)
