3. The Visual Perception System

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

The process by which we give meaning to sensory information, resulting in our personal interpretation of that information.

Question 3

Visual perception system

Answer 3

Consists of the complete network of physiological structures involved in vision

Question 4

Cornea

Answer 4

A transparent, convex-shaped covering which protects the eye and helps to focus light rays onto the retina

Question 5

Aqueous humour

Answer 5

a watery fluid which helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball and provides nutrients and oxygen to the eye and also carries away waste products

Question 6

Pupil

Answer 6

An opening in the iris that helps to control the amount of light entering the eye

Question 7

Iris

Answer 7

a ring of muscles which expand and contract to change the size of the pupil and control the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 8

Lens

Answer 8

focuses light onto the retina and changes shape according to the distance of the object being viewed

Question 9

Ciliary muscles

Answer 9

Muscles expand and contract, enabling the lens to automatically bulge to focus nearby objects onto the retina.

Question 10

Vitreous Humour

Answer 10

Jelly-like substance which helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball and helps focus light.

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

Receives and absorbs light also processing light. Contains photo-receptors (cones/rods)

Question 12

Optic-nerve

Answer 12

Sends information from retina to the brain (visual cortex)

Question 13

Rods

Answer 13

A photoreceptor that responds to low levels of light - responsible for night vision

Question 14

Cones

Answer 14

A photoreceptor that responds to hight levels of light - Responsibly for vision in well lit conditions.

Question 15

Stages of Visual Perception

Answer 15

Reception - Transduction - Transmittion - Selection - Organisation - Interpretation

Question 16

Reception

Answer 16

Process by which the eye receives incoming light from the external environment and focuses it onto the retina where an image of the visual stimulus is captured.

Question 17

Transduction

Answer 17

Process by which the photoreceptors change electromagnetic energy into electrical impulses which can travel along the optic nerve to the brain

Question 18

Organisation

Answer 18

Involves assembling or arranging the features of a visual image in a meaningful way.

Question 19

Interpretation

Answer 19

Process of assigning meaning to visual information so that we can understand what we are looking at

Question 20

Transmission

Answer 20

Involves sending information in the form of electrical impulses along the optic nerve to the brain

Question 21

Visual Perception Principles

Answer 21

Are rules that we apply to visual information to assist our organisation and interpretation in consistent and meaningful ways.

Question 22

Gestalt Principles

Answer 22

Refer to the ways in which we organise the features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole, complete form

Question 23

Figure-Ground organisation

Answer 23

Organise visual information by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a figure which stands out from the ground

Question 24

Closure

Answer 24

Refers to the perceptual tendency to mentally ‘close up,’ fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and perceive objects as a whole

Question 25

Similarity

Answer 25

Involves the tendency to perceive parts of a visual image that have similar features - such as size, shape, texture and colour

Question 26

Proximity

Answer 26

The tendency to perceive part of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group

Question 27

Depth Principles

Answer 27

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