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14. Head and Neck > 3. The Temporal Region and Temporomandibular Joint > Flashcards

3. The Temporal Region and Temporomandibular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What does the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

Inferior part of temporalis muscle, and inferior parts of medial and lateral pterygoid muscles.

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2
Q

What is the maxillary artery a branch of?

A

External carotid artery, its larger terminal branch.

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3
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

The maxillary artery, which in term is a branch of the external carotid artery.

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4
Q

What is the superficial temporal artery a branch of?

A

The external carotid artery, its smaller terminal branch.

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5
Q

What are the veins of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxillary vein, middle meningeal vein, pterygoid venous plexus.

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6
Q

What is the mandibular nerve a branch of?

A

The trigeminal nerve, CN V3.

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7
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Auricular nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, buccal nerve, chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve).

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8
Q

What are the openings of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, alveolar canal, inferior orbital fissure, pterygomaxillar fissure.

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9
Q

What runs through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve CN V3.

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10
Q

What runs through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery.

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11
Q

What is mandibular nerve block?

A

Injection of anaesthetics near the mandibular nerve where it enters the infratemporal fossa near the foramen ovale.

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12
Q

Which nerve are affected in mandibular nerve block?

A

Inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, auriculotemporal.

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13
Q

When are inferior alveolar nerve blocks used?

A

In dental procedues.

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14
Q

What happens in an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

Anaesthetic is injected around the mandibular foramen on the medial side of the mandible, where inferior alveolar nerve and vessels travel.

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15
Q

What is anaesthetised in inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

All mandibular teeth on medial side, skin and mucous membranes of lower lip, labial alveolar mucosa, gingivae, skin.

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16
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Modified hinge type synovial joint.

17
Q

What are the bones in the temporomandibular joint?

A

Mandible and cranium.

18
Q

What are the superior surfaces in the TMJ?

A

Mandibular fossa - posterior and concave, and articular tubercle - anterior and convex.

19
Q

What is the inferior surface in the TMJ?

A

Head of the mandible.

20
Q

What is the articular disc of the TMJ?

A

Aka meniscus. It is made of tough fibrocartilage and creates two compartments - superior and inferior articular cavities lined by separate synovial membranes.

21
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ?

A

Flexion (closing mouth), extension (opening mouth), gliding (protrusion/retrusion of mouth), rotation (pivoting).

22
Q

Which muscles are involved in flexion/elevation of the TMJ?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid.

23
Q

Which muscles are involved in extension/depression of the TMJ?

A

GRAVITY, lateraly pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid.

24
Q

Which muscles are involved in gliding/translation of the TMJ?

A

Protrusion - lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, masseter.

Retrusion - temporalis, masseter.

25
Q

Describe the movements in opening the TMJ.

A

Condyles are pulled forwards in protrusion. The chin moves down and back in hinge movement.

26
Q

Describe the movements in closing the TMJ.

A

Retraction of the mandible by retrusion. Elevation of the mandible by hinge movement.

27
Q

What is the joint capsule of the TMJ like?

A

Loos and thin to permit movements of the joint but strengthened by extra-capsular ligaments.

28
Q

What are the attachments of the TMJ capsule?

A

Superiorly - circumference of the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle.
Inferiorly - neck of the condyle of the mandible.

29
Q

What are the extra-capsular ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Lateral - one ligament ‘temporomandibular ligament’ strong, deep fibres blend with capsule.
Medial - two accessory ligaments ‘sphenomandibular ligament’ and ‘stylomandibular’ ligament.

30
Q

What is the TMJ most stable and why?

A

Why the jaw is closed as the mandibular condyle is in contact with the mandibular fossa. The teeth are in occlusal contact.

31
Q

When is the TMJ least stable?

A

When the jaw is open.

32
Q

How can anterior dislocation of the TMJ occur?

A

During yawning or a large bite, excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids cause head of mandible to dislocate anteriorly.

33
Q

How does anterior dislocation of TMJ present?

A

Lock jaw, patient can’t close their mouth.

34
Q

What is the most common cause of dislocation of the TMJ?

A

Side-ways blow to the chin with open mouth so TMJ dislocates on side that receives blow.

35
Q

What is bruxism?

A

Grinding teeth when asleep.

36
Q

What is temporomandibular pain dysfunction disorder?

A

Muscular pain.

37
Q

What is mal-occlusion syndrome?

A

Muscular pain.

14. Head and Neck (11 decks)

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