3. The Civil War and Reconstruction Flashcards
Dixie
South or Dixie (below Mason-Dixon Line which runs between PA and MD)
- economically and culturally important
the South/the North
The South
- Southern culture very different from Northern culture»_space; there was a French settlement in S, British in N so they each take over some of their ideas
- Nervous of Northern development: industrialisation and need for skilled labour in N while S remains stuck using old colonial imperial system introduced by the Spanish
- Unequal society: Southern aristocracy > planter class»_space; own slaves
- Significant reliance on slavery»_space; key distinction/tensions between South and North that are the key reason for Civil War
the Confederacy
= a union of seperate states, rather than strong bloc»_space; lack of central control
the Union
= the North
the Mason-Dixon Line
= the dividing line between slave states south of it and free states north of it
Segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races.
seperate waiting rooms, drinking fountains…
slave states vs free states
US divides between slave states (maintain slavery) and free states (abolish slavery)
- US begins abolishing slavery in 1870 but only on state level, federally not mentioned by Consitution
- gradual increase of free states
Fugitive Slave Law
= if a slave runs away and manages to get up north, strictly speaking, he becomes free when he crosses the border
- N hated this idea because it created the idea that even a slave who flees up north still is a slave, so the authorities from the South could chase them and the North are obligated to assist them - advertisements but many slaves vould not read
Fort Sumter
12 April 1861: Confederates open fire on Fort Sumter
- Fort falls 13 April
- North explodes in outrage, men volunteer for army
- following this show of strength, some border states now secede
» Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
- won the 1860 Election
- anti-slavery but not entirely outspoken about it, being careful
- gives the Gettysbury Adress
- Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth to avenge South
Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 = key battle in Civil War
- most decisive battle: end of the South - Lee’s Retreat from Gettysburg
- Gettysburg gets turned into national cemetery
- defining moment in Lincoln’s presidency
- Lincoln gives speech: Gettysburg Adress
- looks forward to the future and to the certainty of peace
- really frames itself in the traditin that they already have (he calls forth all the myths and ideals to give shape to the US
Trail of Tears
= expulsion of the native population to reservations
1830-1850
» Indian Removal Act, 1830: 15k deaths
» Andrew Jackson
the Blood-Stained Banner
flag of the Confederate States of America
Emancipation Proclamation
22 September 1863
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”
Jim Crow Laws
A retaliation by Southern States to enfore segregation
= laws to make sure that all other laws getting passed don’t have much impact
Jim Crow = character satire of a black disabled person doing a dance, stock character in plays in the US - butt pf the joke
