3. Structural Design Features Of Buildings Flashcards
Accommodating the type and magnitude of the____ to which the structure will be subjected is the most critical aspect of engineering design.
Forces
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To calculate the structural supports needed to allow a building to withstand, common forces, _____are categorized and calculated.
Loads
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The direction of forces from loads acting on the interior of structural members is expressed as:
Stress
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The forces within a structural support system that resist applied loads are referred to as
Reactions R
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Stresses within a material are classified according to:
The direction of the force
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Roads that are applied along the center of the cross-section, and may even reload the component.
Axial
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Loads that are applied to one side of the cross-section, and may bend the component.
Eccentric
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Loads that are applied at an angle to the cross section, and may twist the component.
Torsional
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When evaluating this type of load, an engineer can reasonably predict the constant force needed to be supported will equal to the weight of the object.
Static
-steady/applied gradually/dead loads are usually static
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This load produces highly localized forces and non-uniform loads in the supporting structural members.
Concentrated
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Earthquake prone areas on the mapped buy organizations such as the:
(2answers)
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
National Geographic
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The most significant force is generated by earthquakes.
2 part answer
Lateral loads that create horizontal motion
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In buildings with high variations or large floor plans, seismic______ can be added to increase the flexibility of the connection.
Expansion joints
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______absorb the resonant energy as the structure begins to move. These are typically installed at the connection between columns and beams, and operate on a principal similar mechanical door equipment that controls the movement of an automatic door.
Damping Mechanism
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______isolates the building from the horizontal movement of the earths surface.
Base isolation
(2types)
Page 77
Elastomeric bearings placed in a layer between the building and the foundation. The bearings change the front of the residence of the building.
Shear systems
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Special plates that slide on each other to isolate the building from horizontal shear force.
Sliding systems
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A strategy used to harden a structure against unexpected loads.
Structural Stiffening
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_______structural supports help prevent a building from falling after being damaged.
Redundant
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The center horizontal line of the web is known as the_____ because the tension and compression stress or zero.
Neutral axis
Page 80
Used to carry loads across a distance. Often used to support roofs and entrances in masonry buildings.
Arch
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A series of trusses connected with diagnose members between each truss.
Space frame
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Post and beam construction framing uses a series of vertical elements to support horizontal elements that carry______ loads.
transverse
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Structural system characterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit the bending stress through the joints.
Rigid frame
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Similar to fabric tents, but different in that they are intended to be permanent structures.
Membrane structures
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