3 Sep - Research data collection (Veronika)

Question 1

Where does data come from? Name some

Answer 1

Something happened and it was recorded
- weather
- visiting website
- social media being used

Question 2

What data is in economics

Answer 2

Survey data
Census data
Automatically generated data
Simulated data

Question 3

What is research often about?

Answer 3

Answering questions with data

Question 4

What are different approaches for getting data?

Answer 4

• Study types:
  Deductive vs inductive research
  Quantitative vs qualitative
  Primary vs secondary

Question 5

What does it mean a study is descriptive?

Answer 5

Case study about something specific, describe or explore events in the everyday context

Question 6

What does it mean a study is observation?

Answer 6

Case-control, epidemiological

Question 7

What does it mean a study is Literature review?

Answer 7

People often say they are doing a systematic review, but more often it is a narrative review - there also exists a scoping review.

Question 8

What does it mean a study is a meta analysis?

Answer 8

Analyse different studies form different countries, and we analyse the different set ups. The goal is to pull al the evidence together, to get a bigger sample size, to say something about the overall problem

Question 9

How to do a systematic review?

Answer 9

we will have a flow chart often, we follow a specific protocol for search selection screening of papers.

• you can have a living review, we update it as new evidence emerges

Question 10

Explain what is inductive and deductive

Answer 10

Deductive:
general to specific, start with a theory/hypotheses, collect data, test

Inductive:
specific to genereal
start with specific cases, find patterns, create hypothesis

Question 11

Explain quantitative and qualitative

Answer 11

Quantitative: numbers, measurable
Qualitative: experience, interpretations, document analysis

We learn difference things for difference things

Similarites
- measurement
- causality
- generalisation

Diffrences:
controlled vs natural environment
Sampling random vs deliberately subjective:

We can do both, this is called triangulations, we will see if rhe findings are matching eachother

Question 12

Explain difference between primary or secondary data

Answer 12

Primary:
- interviews
- observations
- experiments

Secondary:
- Previously collected data
- Literature
- Online sources

Question 13

WHat did they find in the values i machine learning paper? By Birhane et al

Answer 13

Performance, computational efficicent and such where higher valued

Question 14

Qualitative tools:

Answer 14

Cluster findings into themes
Code on a low level, merge them later
Nvivo
Taguette

Question 15

Name the 10 simple rules for responsible big research

Answer 15

6. debate the tough ethical choixes
7. develop code of conduct for your community

Answer 16

Data can have to do with privacy and can be sensitive even though you think it isn’t
This risk can entail identifying people

Question 17

What effect can biased data have

Answer 17

If the data is very biased, the conclusion of the research might not be reliable

Answer 18

Researcher bias - topic, methods
Information bias - data collection not standardized
Selection bias - participants are systematically different than the general
Publication bias - studies that have more signgicant p-values, they are more likely to be published

Question 19

What is the hawthorne effect?

Answer 19

Participants know they are being observed - and they change their behavior because of it