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Earth Science > 3 Science Test > Flashcards

3 Science Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What are three types of sediments?

A

Sand, silt, clay

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1
Q

What is weathering?

A

The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time are called weathering.

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2
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

When physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces, mechanical weathering occurs

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3
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Chemical weathering changes the materials that are part of a rock into new materials.

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4
Q

What are the three main types of chemical weathering?

A

Water, dissolving by acids, oxidation

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5
Q

Explain PH!

A

Scientists use pH, which is a property of solutions, to learn if a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. They rate the pH of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral.

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6
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation combines the element oxygen with other elements or molecules.

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7
Q

Where is chemical weathering the fastest?

A

In warm, wet places

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8
Q

What is soil?

A

Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air.

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9
Q

What is organic matter?

A

Organic matter is the remains of something that was once alive.

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10
Q

What are pores?

A

The amounts of water and air vary in the small holes and spaces in soil.

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11
Q

What is decomposition?

A

Decomposition is the process of changing once-living material into dark-colored organic matter.

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12
Q

What are the five factors of soil?

A

Parent material, climate, topography, biota, and time

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13
Q

What is parent material?

A

The starting material of soil is parent material.

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14
Q

What is climate?

A

The average weather of an area is its climate.

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15
Q

What is topography?

A

Topography is the shape and steepness of the landscape.

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16
Q

What is biota?

A

All of the organisms that live in a region are called biota

17
Q

What are horizons?

A

Horizons are layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering.

18
Q

What are the five layers of soil?

A 
O- organic matter
A- dirt, most likely what we would see if we dug a hole
B- clay
C- weathered parent material 
R- bedrock
19
Q

What are the three ways of observing soil?

A

Observing and measuring soil properties, soil properties that support life, soil types and locations

20
Q

What is erosion?

A

Erosion is the removal of weathered material from one location to another.

21
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is the laying down or settling of eroded material.

22
Q

What is a meander?

A

A meander is a broad, C-shaped curve in a stream.

23
Q

What is a longshore current?

A

A longshore current is a current that flows parallel to the shoreline.

24
Q

What is a delta?

A

A delta is a large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water.

25
Q

What is a floodplain?

A

A floodplain is a wide, flat area next to a river.

26
Q

What is a levee?

A

A levee is a long, low ridge of soil along a river.

27
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Abrasion is the grinding away of rock or other surfaces as particles carried by wind, water, or ice scrape against them

28
Q

What is a dune?

A

A dune is a pile of windblown sand.

29
Q

What is a loess?

A

Loess is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay.

30
Q

What is one way to slow the effect of wind erosion?

A

To leave fields unplowed after harvesting crops

31
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

Mass wasting is the downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil because of the pull of gravity.

32
Q

What is a landslide?

A

a landslide is the rapid downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders

33
Q

Explain a rockfall, slump, and creep

A

All examples of mass wasting events
Rockfall- it’s exactly what it says it is. A ROCKFALL
Slump- big piece of land falling
Creep- when stuff creeps down

34
Q

What is talus?

A

Talus is a pile of angular rocks and sediment from a rockfall

35
Q

What is a glacier?

A

A glacier is a large mass of ice that formed on land and moves slowly across Earth’s surface.

36
Q

What are the two main types of glaciers?

A

Alpine glaciers and ice sheets

37
Q

What is a horn?

A

Sharp peak on mountain

38
Q

What is an arête?

A

Is a shape ridge of rocks formed between two glaciers

39
Q

What is till?

A

Till is a mixture of various sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier.

40
Q

What is a moraine?

A

a moraine is a mound or ridge of unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier.

41
Q

What is out wash?

A

Outwash is layered sediment deposited by streams of water that flow from a melting glacier.

Earth Science (13 decks)

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