3 proteins

Question 1

what are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

what are the three groups that an amino acid is made up of?

Answer 2

amine group
carboxyl group
variable r group

Question 3

what type of bond bind amino acids together?

Answer 3

peptide bonds

Question 4

what reaction creates peptide bonds?

Answer 4

condensation reaction

Question 5

what reaction breaks peptide bonds?

Answer 5

hydrolysis reaction

Question 6

what two things does a condensation reaction between two amino acids result in?

Answer 6

peptide bond is formed
molecule of water is lost

Question 7

how is a molecule of water created in a condensation reaction between two amino acids?

Answer 7

OH lost from carboxyl group
H lost from amine group

Question 7

describe the attraction to water that different types of r groups have

Answer 7

• polar/charged r groups are hydrophilic
• non polar r groups are hydrophobic

Question 8

how many polypeptide chains can a protein have?

Answer 8

any

Question 8

what two things does a hydrolysisreaction between two amino acids result in?

Answer 8

molecule of water is formed
peptide bond is broken

Question 9

what are the four structures of a protein?

Answer 9

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

Question 10

describe the primary structure of a protein

Answer 10

• linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
• amino acid is determined by the genetic structure

Question 11

describe the secondary structure of a protein

Answer 11

• spatial arrangement of the amino acids
• H bonds formed between amine + carboxyl groups

Question 12

what type of proteins usually have secondary structures?

Answer 12

fibrous proteins

Question 13

what are the two main structures formed when a secondary structure of a protein is formed?

Answer 13

alpha helix
beta pleated sheet

Question 14

describe the structure of an alpha helix

Answer 14

tightly coiled helix with a polypeptide backbone

Question 15

describe the structure of a beta pleated sheet

Answer 15

H bonds between adjacent parallel strands

Question 16

are the r groups involved in the structure of an alpha helix?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

are the r groups involved in the structure of a beta pleated sheet?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

give an example of a real life alpha helix

Answer 18

keratin

Question 19

give an example of a real life beta pleated sheet

Answer 19

spider web proteins

Question 20

where are the H bonds in an alpha helix structure?

Answer 20

between every fourth amino acid

Question 21

what does a beta pleated sheet provide to structures?

Answer 21

strength and rigidity

Question 22

define the tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 22

r groups interact resulting in three dimensional structures

Question 23

are tertiary structures hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 23

can be both

Question 24

what do hydrophobic groups in a tertiary structure do?

Answer 24

internally cluster in aqueous solutions

Question 25

what bonds can be formed in a tertiary structure?

Answer 25

- hydrogen bonds - ionic bonds - disulfide bridges -weak hydrophobic interactions

Question 26

where do H bonds form in tertiary structures?

Answer 26

between polar r groups

Question 27

where do ionic bonds form in tertiary structures?

Answer 27

between some charged r groups

Question 28

where do disulfide bridges form in tertiary structures?

Answer 28

between SH groups

Question 29

where do weak hydrophobic interactions form in tertiary structures?

Answer 29

between non polar r groups

Question 30

in what kind of proteins are tertiary structures common?

Answer 30

globular proteins

Question 31

define the quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 31

multiple polypeptides coming together and functioning as a macromolecule

Question 32

what is each polypeptide chain referred to as in a quaternary structure?

Answer 32

a subunit

Question 33

what is the problem with misfolded proteins?

Answer 33

they cannot function

Question 34

what are two diseases that are caused by misfolded proteins?

Answer 34

alzheimers and mad cow disease

Question 35

give an example of a quaternary protein

Answer 35

collagen - 3 subunits intertwined

Question 36

give 7 examples of functions in proteins

Answer 36

1. enzymes 2. motor functions 3. hormonal proteins 4. storage 5. structural 6. defense 7. transport

Question 37

why are enzymes important proteins?

Answer 37

they catalyse biochemical reactions

Question 38

give an example of motor functioning proteins

Answer 38

actin and myosin in muscle contraction

Question 39

give an example of a hormonal protein and why it is important

Answer 39

insulin - regulates blood pressure

Question 40

give an example of a storage protein and why it is important

Answer 40

ovalbumin - develops the embryo in egg whites

Question 41

give two examples of structural proteins

Answer 41

collagen + keratin

Question 42

give an example of a defense protein

Answer 42

antibodies

Question 43

give an example of a transport protein

Answer 43

haemoglobin or membrane transporters