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3) P&O > 3) Prosthetic Components > Flashcards

3) Prosthetic Components Flashcards

1
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial replacement of a body part on a temporary or permanent basis

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a temporary prosthesis?

A

Provisional, preparatory prosthesis → Easier to modify; Usually has a clear socket so you can see inside

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3
Q

What are the components of transtibial & transfemoral prosthesis?

A
  • Foot-ankle assembly
  • Shank/Pylon
  • Knee (only TF)
  • Socket
  • Suspension
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4
Q

What is the purpose of the shank/pylon?

A

Attaches the foot to the prosthetic

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the suspension?

A

Keeps the socket moving

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6
Q

K0 ambulators

A

No ambulatory potential w/ or w/out prosthesis

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7
Q

K1 ambulator

A

Limited household ambulation on a level surface w/little cadence change

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8
Q

K2 ambulator

A

Limited community ambulation w/some cadence change; Can navigate elevations

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9
Q

K3 ambulators

A

Independent community ambulation w/varying cadence & activity levels

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10
Q

K4 ambulator

A

Fully independent ambulator that can participate in high-level activity, sports, vocational, & leisure

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11
Q

Describe conventional feet

A
  • Not very fxnl
    • Very little medial-lateral rotation
    • Very little shock absorption
    • No toe-off
    • No deformation, so no energy return
    • Does not accommodate terrain at all
  • Basically connects the prosthesis to the ground
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12
Q

Keel

A

Stores & returns energy

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13
Q

Split Keel

A

For uneven surfaces

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14
Q

If a foot doesn’t change shape, what can’t it do?

A

Return energy

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15
Q

What material bends well?

A

Carbon fiber

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16
Q

What does a short level mean for energy return & stability?

A

Less energy return, but more stable

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17
Q

What is this?

A

K2/3 Dynamic Response Foot (Non-Articulated Short Lever)

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18
Q

What is this?

A

K3 Non-articulated Long Level

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19
Q

What is good about a K3 non-articulated long lever prosthesis?

A
  • Lightweight
  • Good energy return → Good for jumping
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20
Q

What is this?

A

K3 Articulated Long Split Keel

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21
Q

Pro’s & cons of K3 articulated long split keel

A
  • Accomodates variations in terrain
  • Less stable
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22
Q

In order for a pt to safely use a K3 articulated long split keel, what do they need to have and why?

A

Good balance & strength → Foot moves in multiple planes

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23
Q

What is this?

A

Poly-centric ankle

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24
Q

Pro’s & con’s for K3 poly-centric ankle

A
  • Accommodates variations in terrain
  • Less stable
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25
What is this?
K3/4 Hydraulic Ankle
26
Describe K3/4 Hydraulic Ankle
* Hydraulic control of PF from IC & LR * Stores energy as the pylon DF's over the foot during stance → Shock absorbs going into PF * Energy is then returned during terminal stance * **Mimic's the phases of gait** * **For pt's who can vary their cadence**
27
What classification is a college park tru-step?
K3/4 Polycentric
28
What is this?
College Park Tru-Step
29
Describe the college park tru-step
Has multiple jts like a real ankle
30
Does the college park tru-step allow for motion at the TMT jt?
Some
31
What is this?
College Park Soleus
32
Describe the college park soleus
Allows for toe-off
33
What is this?
Torsion Absorption Dynamic Response Foot
34
Describe the Torsion Absorption Dynamic Response Foot
Allows for translation of rotational/twisting forces through the foot → Good for activities that require twisting such as golf or softball
35
What type of foot strike will a runner using a blade have and why?
Forefoot Strike → Has no heel so there's no heel strike
36
What is this?
Blade
37
How do powered ankles work?
Are motor controlled by sensors that exert additional forces beyond what the body exerts
38
What is this?
Powered Ankle
39
Who uses an exoskeletal pylon and why?
Farmers & factory workers bc they're very durable and don't have a lot of moving parts so they don't need much maintenance
40
What is this?
Exoskeletal pylon
41
What are the fxn's of a pylon?
* Transfer weight * Restore limb length & shape * Shock absorption * Rotation
42
What does socket counter-pressure assist w/?
Venous Control
43
What two materials can the socket made of
Thermoset (Resin Impregnated) or Thermoplastic (Sheet of Plastic)
44
True or False: A thermoplastic socket is usually temporary?
True
45
CAD-CAM method of socket fabrication
Infra-red imaging of residual limb, which gets 3D-printed
46
What is this?
Patellar Tendon Bearing Transtibial Prosthesis
47
What is the purpose of the patellar tendon bearing transtibial prosthesis?
Decr WB distally, which eliminates pressure on the peroneal nerve
48
What are the relief areas & WB areas of a patellar tendon bearing transtibial prosthesis?
_Relief:_ * Fibular head * Tibial condyles * Tibial tuberosity & crest * Distal Tibia * Distal Fibula * **Basically bony prominences & nerves** _Weight-Bearing_ * Patellar tendon * Gastroc * Pretibial muscles * Tib & fib shafts
49
Which type of liners are typically used w/transtibial prosthesis & why?
Silicone liner w/shuttlelock & pin → Provides more cusioning
50
Where do you not want pressure from a transfemoral prosthesis?
* Pubic symphysis * Perineum * Adductor longus tendon
51
What degrees are transfemoral prosthesis usually set in and why?
5º flexion, 7° adduction → Helps push pt into socket a little better bc it puts the abductors & extensors on stretch, which allows the pt to exert more force
52
What are the socket designs for transfemoral prosthesis?
* Quadrilateral * Ischial Containment * Contoured Ischial Containment
53
What is this?
Quadrilateral Transfemoral Socket
54
Describe the Quadrilateral Transfemoral Socket
* WB through the isch tubes on posterior wall of socket * Has a higher anterior wall the provides counter-pressure * Provides poor mediolateral and rotational stability * A lot of pt's have hip drop bc of shape
55
What is this?
Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket
56
Describe the Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket
* WB through the ischium, ascending pubic ramus, and surrounding tissue * Narrow ML → Fits snuggly * Has a high lateral wall → Catches on the greater troch, which allows for less rotation * Shape improves mediolateral & rotational stability → Helps w/hip drop
57
What is this?
Contoured Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket
58
Describe the Contoured Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket
* Has channels/contours for hamstrings & adductors * Allows for muscle contraction & enlargement → Helps prevent atrophy
59
Does a shuttlelock & pin use complete suction?
No
60
Describe the thigh corset transtibial prosthesis
* For pt's w/limb volume problems → Prosthesis gave up * Very heavy so it can get uncomfortable
61
If a suction system has a belt, would it be total suction or partial suction?
Partial
62
Are total suctions more commonly prescribed for transfemoral or transtibial amputees?
Transfemorals
63
W/a total suction prosthesis, what is the only thing keeping the prosthesis on?
The Suction
64
Silesian Belt
Goes over the opposite iliac crest; Better for longer residual limbs
65
Waist Belt
Helps decr rotation w/short residual limbs
66
Describe "Keep It Simple Suspension"
* Helps control rotation * Easier to don bc it has a strap that clicks into a hole & then outer straps that wrap around
67
Describe the polycentric (four-bar) linkage knee
* For pt's w/short residual limbs * Has constant or fluid friction → for swing control * Has extension aid * Has a mechanical stabilizer → Aligns knee posteriorly to TKA line, manual lock, and adjustable friction brake * Has a microprocessor
68
What does an extension aid do?
Helps w/swing bc it has a spring to facilitate extension → Makes STS easier
69
Who typically gets a polycentric knee?
Pt's who have problems w/hip extension
70
What is this?
Single Axis Four-Bar Linkage Knee
71
What is this?
Polycentric Four-Bar Linkage Knee
72
How many ply is the most a pt should be wearing before its time to get a smaller socket?
7
73
Describe the syme prosthesis
* Has a removable medial or posterior compartment to accommodate a bulbous distal end (calcaneus) * WB similar to AK-PTB socket
74
What is this?
Syme Prosthesis
75
Describe the Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis
* For removed hip, prob bc of CA * Not for community ambulation; Just 3-5 steps or transfers * K1/2
76
What are these? Name an advantage and a disadvantage
Transfemoral Stubbies * Advantage = Helps strengthen hip extensors and abductors; Shapes the residual limb * Disadvantage = Pt will prob need to circumduct; Leg length will be shorter than normal
77
Who do UE prosthesis typically go to?
Pt's who were in industrial accidents and wars
78
How to body-powered UE prosthesis work?
Have a harness and a cable that pt controls w/upper body or residual UE motion * Scapular Depression w/GH extension & abduction = Lock/Unlock Elbow * Scapular Protraction w/GH flexion = Open/Close Terminal Device
79
How do externally powered UE prosthesis work?
Myoelectric → Have sensors on muscle groups * Wrist Flexor Contraction = Close hand * Wrist Extensor Contraction = Open hand
80
Name the parts of a UE prosthesis
* Terminal device * Wrist Unit * Elbow unit * Socket * Harness
81
Name the types of terminal devices
* Passive Hand * Hand or Hook → Allows for voluntary opening & closing either through manual or myoelectric control * Tools
82
Who decides what prosthetic components a pt gets?
The pt & payers * Medicare won't pay for a prosthesis or any new parts unless a physician writes a script for it → PT's need to collaborate w/them
83
What factors are used to predict how fxnl a pt will be once they get a prosthetic?
* Prior level of fxn * Strength & mobility * Pt goals
84
What are two types of neural prostheses? Describe them
_Bioness_ - Uses a heel switch to detect weighting/unweighting * Does not adjust to cadence _Walk Aide_ - Uses an inclinometer to measure tibial angle in relation to the ground & an accelerometer to measure velocity * Adjusts to cadence * Better for teaching & may be more effective than the bioness **Both stimulate the peroneal nerve to cause DF contraction**
85
Bionics
The replacement or enhancement of organs by mechanical versions * Differ from prosthesis bc they mimic very closely the original fxn of the body part
86
What is this?
Rheo Knee

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