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3) P&O > 3) Prosthetic Components > Flashcards

3) Prosthetic Components Flashcards

1
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial replacement of a body part on a temporary or permanent basis

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a temporary prosthesis?

A

Provisional, preparatory prosthesis → Easier to modify; Usually has a clear socket so you can see inside

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3
Q

What are the components of transtibial & transfemoral prosthesis?

A
  • Foot-ankle assembly
  • Shank/Pylon
  • Knee (only TF)
  • Socket
  • Suspension
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4
Q

What is the purpose of the shank/pylon?

A

Attaches the foot to the prosthetic

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the suspension?

A

Keeps the socket moving

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6
Q

K0 ambulators

A

No ambulatory potential w/ or w/out prosthesis

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7
Q

K1 ambulator

A

Limited household ambulation on a level surface w/little cadence change

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8
Q

K2 ambulator

A

Limited community ambulation w/some cadence change; Can navigate elevations

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9
Q

K3 ambulators

A

Independent community ambulation w/varying cadence & activity levels

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10
Q

K4 ambulator

A

Fully independent ambulator that can participate in high-level activity, sports, vocational, & leisure

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11
Q

Describe conventional feet

A
  • Not very fxnl
    • Very little medial-lateral rotation
    • Very little shock absorption
    • No toe-off
    • No deformation, so no energy return
    • Does not accommodate terrain at all
  • Basically connects the prosthesis to the ground
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12
Q

Keel

A

Stores & returns energy

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13
Q

Split Keel

A

For uneven surfaces

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14
Q

If a foot doesn’t change shape, what can’t it do?

A

Return energy

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15
Q

What material bends well?

A

Carbon fiber

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16
Q

What does a short level mean for energy return & stability?

A

Less energy return, but more stable

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17
Q

What is this?

A

K2/3 Dynamic Response Foot (Non-Articulated Short Lever)

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18
Q

What is this?

A

K3 Non-articulated Long Level

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19
Q

What is good about a K3 non-articulated long lever prosthesis?

A
  • Lightweight
  • Good energy return → Good for jumping
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20
Q

What is this?

A

K3 Articulated Long Split Keel

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21
Q

Pro’s & cons of K3 articulated long split keel

A
  • Accomodates variations in terrain
  • Less stable
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22
Q

In order for a pt to safely use a K3 articulated long split keel, what do they need to have and why?

A

Good balance & strength → Foot moves in multiple planes

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23
Q

What is this?

A

Poly-centric ankle

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24
Q

Pro’s & con’s for K3 poly-centric ankle

A
  • Accommodates variations in terrain
  • Less stable
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25
Q

What is this?

A

K3/4 Hydraulic Ankle

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26
Q

Describe K3/4 Hydraulic Ankle

A
  • Hydraulic control of PF from IC & LR
  • Stores energy as the pylon DF’s over the foot during stance → Shock absorbs going into PF
    • Energy is then returned during terminal stance
  • Mimic’s the phases of gait
  • For pt’s who can vary their cadence
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27
Q

What classification is a college park tru-step?

A

K3/4 Polycentric

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28
Q

What is this?

A

College Park Tru-Step

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29
Q

Describe the college park tru-step

A

Has multiple jts like a real ankle

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30
Q

Does the college park tru-step allow for motion at the TMT jt?

A

Some

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31
Q

What is this?

A

College Park Soleus

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32
Q

Describe the college park soleus

A

Allows for toe-off

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33
Q

What is this?

A

Torsion Absorption Dynamic Response Foot

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34
Q

Describe the Torsion Absorption Dynamic Response Foot

A

Allows for translation of rotational/twisting forces through the foot → Good for activities that require twisting such as golf or softball

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35
Q

What type of foot strike will a runner using a blade have and why?

A

Forefoot Strike → Has no heel so there’s no heel strike

36
Q

What is this?

A

Blade

37
Q

How do powered ankles work?

A

Are motor controlled by sensors that exert additional forces beyond what the body exerts

38
Q

What is this?

A

Powered Ankle

39
Q

Who uses an exoskeletal pylon and why?

A

Farmers & factory workers bc they’re very durable and don’t have a lot of moving parts so they don’t need much maintenance

40
Q

What is this?

A

Exoskeletal pylon

41
Q

What are the fxn’s of a pylon?

A
  • Transfer weight
  • Restore limb length & shape
  • Shock absorption
  • Rotation
42
Q

What does socket counter-pressure assist w/?

A

Venous Control

43
Q

What two materials can the socket made of

A

Thermoset (Resin Impregnated) or Thermoplastic (Sheet of Plastic)

44
Q

True or False: A thermoplastic socket is usually temporary?

A

True

45
Q

CAD-CAM method of socket fabrication

A

Infra-red imaging of residual limb, which gets 3D-printed

46
Q

What is this?

A

Patellar Tendon Bearing Transtibial Prosthesis

47
Q

What is the purpose of the patellar tendon bearing transtibial prosthesis?

A

Decr WB distally, which eliminates pressure on the peroneal nerve

48
Q

What are the relief areas & WB areas of a patellar tendon bearing transtibial prosthesis?

A

Relief:

  • Fibular head
  • Tibial condyles
  • Tibial tuberosity & crest
  • Distal Tibia
  • Distal Fibula
  • Basically bony prominences & nerves

Weight-Bearing

  • Patellar tendon
  • Gastroc
  • Pretibial muscles
  • Tib & fib shafts
49
Q

Which type of liners are typically used w/transtibial prosthesis & why?

A

Silicone liner w/shuttlelock & pin → Provides more cusioning

50
Q

Where do you not want pressure from a transfemoral prosthesis?

A
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Perineum
  • Adductor longus tendon
51
Q

What degrees are transfemoral prosthesis usually set in and why?

A

5º flexion, 7° adduction → Helps push pt into socket a little better bc it puts the abductors & extensors on stretch, which allows the pt to exert more force

52
Q

What are the socket designs for transfemoral prosthesis?

A
  • Quadrilateral
  • Ischial Containment
  • Contoured Ischial Containment
53
Q

What is this?

A

Quadrilateral Transfemoral Socket

54
Q

Describe the Quadrilateral Transfemoral Socket

A
  • WB through the isch tubes on posterior wall of socket
  • Has a higher anterior wall the provides counter-pressure
  • Provides poor mediolateral and rotational stability
  • A lot of pt’s have hip drop bc of shape
55
Q

What is this?

A

Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket

56
Q

Describe the Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket

A
  • WB through the ischium, ascending pubic ramus, and surrounding tissue
  • Narrow ML → Fits snuggly
  • Has a high lateral wall → Catches on the greater troch, which allows for less rotation
  • Shape improves mediolateral & rotational stability → Helps w/hip drop
57
Q

What is this?

A

Contoured Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket

58
Q

Describe the Contoured Ischial Containment Transfemoral Socket

A
  • Has channels/contours for hamstrings & adductors
  • Allows for muscle contraction & enlargement → Helps prevent atrophy
59
Q

Does a shuttlelock & pin use complete suction?

A

No

60
Q

Describe the thigh corset transtibial prosthesis

A
  • For pt’s w/limb volume problems → Prosthesis gave up
  • Very heavy so it can get uncomfortable
61
Q

If a suction system has a belt, would it be total suction or partial suction?

A

Partial

62
Q

Are total suctions more commonly prescribed for transfemoral or transtibial amputees?

A

Transfemorals

63
Q

W/a total suction prosthesis, what is the only thing keeping the prosthesis on?

A

The Suction

64
Q

Silesian Belt

A

Goes over the opposite iliac crest; Better for longer residual limbs

65
Q

Waist Belt

A

Helps decr rotation w/short residual limbs

66
Q

Describe “Keep It Simple Suspension”

A
  • Helps control rotation
  • Easier to don bc it has a strap that clicks into a hole & then outer straps that wrap around
67
Q

Describe the polycentric (four-bar) linkage knee

A
  • For pt’s w/short residual limbs
  • Has constant or fluid friction → for swing control
  • Has extension aid
  • Has a mechanical stabilizer → Aligns knee posteriorly to TKA line, manual lock, and adjustable friction brake
  • Has a microprocessor
68
Q

What does an extension aid do?

A

Helps w/swing bc it has a spring to facilitate extension → Makes STS easier

69
Q

Who typically gets a polycentric knee?

A

Pt’s who have problems w/hip extension

70
Q

What is this?

A

Single Axis Four-Bar Linkage Knee

71
Q

What is this?

A

Polycentric Four-Bar Linkage Knee

72
Q

How many ply is the most a pt should be wearing before its time to get a smaller socket?

A

7

73
Q

Describe the syme prosthesis

A
  • Has a removable medial or posterior compartment to accommodate a bulbous distal end (calcaneus)
  • WB similar to AK-PTB socket
74
Q

What is this?

A

Syme Prosthesis

75
Q

Describe the Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis

A
  • For removed hip, prob bc of CA
  • Not for community ambulation; Just 3-5 steps or transfers
  • K1/2
76
Q

What are these? Name an advantage and a disadvantage

A

Transfemoral Stubbies

  • Advantage = Helps strengthen hip extensors and abductors; Shapes the residual limb
  • Disadvantage = Pt will prob need to circumduct; Leg length will be shorter than normal
77
Q

Who do UE prosthesis typically go to?

A

Pt’s who were in industrial accidents and wars

78
Q

How to body-powered UE prosthesis work?

A

Have a harness and a cable that pt controls w/upper body or residual UE motion

  • Scapular Depression w/GH extension & abduction = Lock/Unlock Elbow
  • Scapular Protraction w/GH flexion = Open/Close Terminal Device
79
Q

How do externally powered UE prosthesis work?

A

Myoelectric → Have sensors on muscle groups

  • Wrist Flexor Contraction = Close hand
  • Wrist Extensor Contraction = Open hand
80
Q

Name the parts of a UE prosthesis

A
  • Terminal device
  • Wrist Unit
  • Elbow unit
  • Socket
  • Harness
81
Q

Name the types of terminal devices

A
  • Passive Hand
  • Hand or Hook → Allows for voluntary opening & closing either through manual or myoelectric control
  • Tools
82
Q

Who decides what prosthetic components a pt gets?

A

The pt & payers

  • Medicare won’t pay for a prosthesis or any new parts unless a physician writes a script for it → PT’s need to collaborate w/them
83
Q

What factors are used to predict how fxnl a pt will be once they get a prosthetic?

A
  • Prior level of fxn
  • Strength & mobility
  • Pt goals
84
Q

What are two types of neural prostheses? Describe them

A

Bioness - Uses a heel switch to detect weighting/unweighting

  • Does not adjust to cadence

Walk Aide - Uses an inclinometer to measure tibial angle in relation to the ground & an accelerometer to measure velocity

  • Adjusts to cadence
  • Better for teaching & may be more effective than the bioness

Both stimulate the peroneal nerve to cause DF contraction

85
Q

Bionics

A

The replacement or enhancement of organs by mechanical versions

  • Differ from prosthesis bc they mimic very closely the original fxn of the body part
86
Q

What is this?

A

Rheo Knee

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