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Pathoma High Yield > 3. Principles of Neoplasia > Flashcards

3. Principles of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer(s) caused by aflatoxins (Aspergillus derived rice/grain contaminant).

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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2
Q

Cancer(s) caused by alkylating agents

A

Leukemia/lymphoma

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3
Q

Cancer(s) caused by alcohol.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Pancreatic carcinoma

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4
Q

Cancer(s) caused by arsenic (poison and cigarette smoke)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Lung cancer
Angiosarcoma of liver

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5
Q

Cancer(s) caused by asbestos.

A 
Lung carcinoma (more common)
Mesothelioma
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6
Q

Cancer(s) caused by cigarette smoke (polycyclic hydrocarbons).

A 
Carcinoma of:
Oropharynx
Esophagus
Lung
Kidney
Bladder
Pancreas
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7
Q

Cancer(s) caused by Nitrosamines

A

Stomach carcinoma (intestinal type)

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8
Q

Cancer(s) caused by Naphthylamine (cigarette smoke)

A

urothelial carcinoma of bladder

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9
Q

Cancer(s) caused by Vinyl chloride (used to make PVC).

A

angiosarcoma of liver

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10
Q

Cancer(s) caused by Nickel, Chromium, Beryllium, or silica.

A

Lung carcinoma

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11
Q

Cancer(s) caused by EBV.

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Burkitt lymphoma
CNS lymphoma in AIDS

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12
Q

Cancer(s) caused by HHV-8.

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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13
Q

Cancer(s) caused by HBV and/or HCV.

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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14
Q

Cancer(s) caused by HTLV-1.

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

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15
Q

Cancer(s) caused by HPV (16, 18, 31, 33).

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus and cervis.

Adenocarcinoma of cervix

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16
Q

Cancer(s) caused by ionzing (nuclear) rediation.

A

AML
CML
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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17
Q

Cancer(s) caused by non-ionizing radiation (UVB).

A

BCC
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Melanoma

18
Q

What tumor is due to overexpression of PDGFB (autocrine loop)?

A

astrocytoma

19
Q

What tumor is due to amplification of ERBB2 (Her2/Neu)?

A

Some breast carcinomas

20
Q

Whats tumor are due to point mutations in RET?

A

MEN2A and MEN2B and sporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

21
Q

What tumor is due to point mutations in KIT?

A

GI stromal tumor

22
Q

What tumors are due to t(9;22) of ABL iwth BCR?

A

CML

some times of adult ALL

23
Q

What tumor is due to t(8;14) of c-MYC under IgH promoter?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

24
Q

What tumor is due to amplification of n-MYC?

A

neuroblastoma

25
Q

What tumor is due to amplification of L-MYC?

A

small cell lung carcinoma

26
Q

What tumor is due to t(11;14) placing Cyclin D under IgH promoter?

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

27
Q

What tumor is due to amplificaiton of CDK4?

A

melanoma

28
Q

What immunostain shows epithelium (carcinoma)?

A

keratin

29
Q

What immunostain shows mesenchyme (sarcoma)?

A

vimentin

30
Q

What immunostain shows muscle?

A

desmin

31
Q

What immunostain shows neuroglia?

A

GFAP

32
Q

What immunostain shows neurons?

A

neurofilament

33
Q

What immunostain shows prostatic epithelium?

A

PSA

34
Q

What immunostain shows breast epithelium?

A

ER

35
Q

What immunostain shows thyroid follicular cells?

A

thyroglobulin

36
Q

What immunostain shows neuroendocrine cells (ex. SCC of lung or carcinoma)?

A

chromogranin

37
Q

What immunostain shows Melanoma, Schwannoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

A

S-100

38
Q

How is clonality of B lymphocytes determined?

A

Ig light chain phenotype

39
Q

What is the normal kappa to lambda light chain ratio?

A

3:1

40
Q

How many divisions does it take before the earliest clinical symptoms of a cancer arise?

A

around 30

41
Q

What 2 findings are seen in familial retinoblastoma?

A

bilateral retinoblastoma

osteosarcoma

Pathoma High Yield (3 decks)

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