3. Principles of Neoplasia

Question 1

Cancer(s) caused by aflatoxins (Aspergillus derived rice/grain contaminant).

Answer 1

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Question 2

Cancer(s) caused by alkylating agents

Answer 2

Leukemia/lymphoma

Question 3

Cancer(s) caused by alcohol.

Answer 3

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Pancreatic carcinoma

Question 4

Cancer(s) caused by arsenic (poison and cigarette smoke)

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Lung cancer
Angiosarcoma of liver

Question 5

Cancer(s) caused by asbestos.

Answer 5

Lung carcinoma (more common)
Mesothelioma

Question 6

Cancer(s) caused by cigarette smoke (polycyclic hydrocarbons).

Answer 6

Carcinoma of:
Oropharynx
Esophagus
Lung
Kidney
Bladder
Pancreas

Question 7

Cancer(s) caused by Nitrosamines

Answer 7

Stomach carcinoma (intestinal type)

Question 8

Cancer(s) caused by Naphthylamine (cigarette smoke)

Answer 8

urothelial carcinoma of bladder

Question 9

Cancer(s) caused by Vinyl chloride (used to make PVC).

Answer 9

angiosarcoma of liver

Question 10

Cancer(s) caused by Nickel, Chromium, Beryllium, or silica.

Answer 10

Lung carcinoma

Question 11

Cancer(s) caused by EBV.

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Burkitt lymphoma
CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Question 12

Cancer(s) caused by HHV-8.

Answer 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 13

Cancer(s) caused by HBV and/or HCV.

Answer 13

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 14

Cancer(s) caused by HTLV-1.

Answer 14

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 15

Cancer(s) caused by HPV (16, 18, 31, 33).

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus and cervis.

Adenocarcinoma of cervix

Question 16

Cancer(s) caused by ionzing (nuclear) rediation.

Answer 16

AML
CML
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Question 17

Cancer(s) caused by non-ionizing radiation (UVB).

Answer 17

BCC
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Melanoma

Question 18

What tumor is due to overexpression of PDGFB (autocrine loop)?

Answer 18

astrocytoma

Question 19

What tumor is due to amplification of ERBB2 (Her2/Neu)?

Answer 19

Some breast carcinomas

Question 20

Whats tumor are due to point mutations in RET?

Answer 20

MEN2A and MEN2B and sporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Question 21

What tumor is due to point mutations in KIT?

Answer 21

GI stromal tumor

Question 22

What tumors are due to t(9;22) of ABL iwth BCR?

Answer 22

CML

some times of adult ALL

Question 23

What tumor is due to t(8;14) of c-MYC under IgH promoter?

Answer 23

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 24

What tumor is due to amplification of n-MYC?

Answer 24

neuroblastoma

Question 25

What tumor is due to amplification of L-MYC?

Answer 25

small cell lung carcinoma

Question 26

What tumor is due to t(11;14) placing Cyclin D under IgH promoter?

Answer 26

Mantle cell lymphoma

Question 27

What tumor is due to amplificaiton of CDK4?

Answer 27

melanoma

Question 28

What immunostain shows epithelium (carcinoma)?

Answer 28

keratin

Question 29

What immunostain shows mesenchyme (sarcoma)?

Answer 29

vimentin

Question 30

What immunostain shows muscle?

Answer 30

desmin

Question 31

What immunostain shows neuroglia?

Answer 31

GFAP

Question 32

What immunostain shows neurons?

Answer 32

neurofilament

Question 33

What immunostain shows prostatic epithelium?

Answer 33

PSA

Question 34

What immunostain shows breast epithelium?

Answer 34

ER

Question 35

What immunostain shows thyroid follicular cells?

Answer 35

thyroglobulin

Question 36

What immunostain shows neuroendocrine cells (ex. SCC of lung or carcinoma)?

Answer 36

chromogranin

Question 37

What immunostain shows Melanoma, Schwannoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

Answer 37

S-100

Question 38

How is clonality of B lymphocytes determined?

Answer 38

Ig light chain phenotype

Question 39

What is the normal kappa to lambda light chain ratio?

Answer 39

3:1

Question 40

How many divisions does it take before the earliest clinical symptoms of a cancer arise?

Answer 40

around 30

Question 41

What 2 findings are seen in familial retinoblastoma?

Answer 41

bilateral retinoblastoma | osteosarcoma