3. Primary Impacts

Question 1

Overall

Answer 1

Earthquake itself is a primary hazard
Shockwaves are also primary hazards, two types, P waves which cause ground to break up, S waves which cause ground to go up and down

Surface waves moves ground side to side and damage infrastructure

Initial hazards of earthquake is groundshaking and leads to primary effects

Question 2

Social

Answer 2

Around 75% of deaths during earthquakes are caused by collapsing buildings
Rapid urbanisation can increase the risk
Can be made worse in LIC;s poor building designs make them vulnerable

Question 3

Economic

Answer 3

Destroy businesses through ground shaking and liquefaction

Damage to industry

Question 4

Environmental

Answer 4

Industrial units including power plants can be damaged

Question 5

Impacts depend on

Answer 5

Magnitude and depth of earthquake 
Geological conditions- unconsolidated sediment amplifies waves
Distance from epicentre 
Population density 
Design and strength of buildings 
HIC/LIC?