3 - Philippine Healthcare and the Philippine Healthcare Delivery System Flashcards
Fundamental human right as cited in the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978
Health
states that primary health care is essentialhealth care based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods, universally accessible to
individuals and families with their full participation at a cost that the community and country can afford in a spirit of self-reliance and selfdetermination.
(WHO-WPRO, 2018)
Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978
Ten parts of the declaration EACH REINFORCING
WIDELY ACCEPTED VALUES AND
POLICIES ON HEALTH CARE
•Definition of Health • Concern over inequity between countries • Health as a pre-requisite for economic progress of countries • People's right to participate in planning and implementation of health services • State responsibility in provision of health care to all citizens • Reaffirmation of primary health care as an important strategy to organize health services • Components of primary health care • Align national policies and build political will to achieve primary health care • Cooperation between countries to achieve these goals • Health for all by 2000
Goal of Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978
Reach optimal level of health from the collaboration and action among social and economic sectors
An organized plan of health services
Health Care System
Who defined the concept of Health Care System in 1987?
Miller & Keane
Carries out the task of endering of health services to the people
Health Care Delivery
Who defined the concept of Health Care Delivery in 1981?
Williams-Tungpalan
deals with social policy targets health equity with the
ultimate goal of better health for all
Primary Health Care
five key elements to achieve PHC’s goal as identified by WHO are?
• universal coverage to reduce exclusion and
social disparities in health;
• service delivery organized around people’s
needs and expectations;
• public policy that integrates health into all
sectors;
• leadership that enhances collaborative
models of policy dialogue; and
• Increased stakeholder participation.
8 essential elements of PHC?
- Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of identifying, preventing and
controlling them - Locally endemic disease prevention and control
- Expanded program of immunization against major
infectious diseases - Maternal and child health care including family planning
- Essential drugs arrangement
- Nutritional food supplement, an adequate supply of safe and basic nutrition
- Treatment of communicable and non-communicable
disease and promotion of mental health - Safe water and sanitation
6 other elements of PHC?
- Expended options of immunizations
- Reproductive health needs
- Provision of essential technologies for health
- Health promotion
- Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
- Food safety and provision of selected food supplements
Primary Health Care should integrate what?
Principles
Will serve as guide for the functions of the system as a whole
Principles
Bridges the conflict between primary healthcare and is a holistic approach to the provision of health
services
Principles
12 Basic objectives to launch and sustain PHC:
- Improve the level of health care of the community
- Promote favorable population growth structure
- Reduce the morbidity and mortality rates especially
among infants and children - Reduce prevalence of preventable, communicable,
and other diseases - Improve basic sanitation
- Extend essential health services especially to
underserved sectors - Develop the capability of the community to become
self-reliant - Encourage the contribution of other sectors to the
social and economic development of the community - Provide equitable distribution of health care
- Ensure community participation and monitor
adequacy and distribution of health workers who are
supported locally and at the referral levels - Recognize that the formal health sector needs other
sectors in the promotion of health (multi-sectoral
approach) - Use the appropriate technology which are accessible, feasible, affordable, and culturally acceptable to the
community
5 steps in the management of Primary Health Care:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Controlling
- Directing
Setting priorities and determining performance targets
Planning
Designing organization and designating reporting relationships and positions
Organizing
Acquiring, retaining, developing human resources
Staffing
Monitoring staff activities and performance
Controlling
Initiating action
Directing
Management principles in relation to organizing
- Authority, Responsibility, and Accountability
- Types of Authority
- Centralization, Decentralization, and Formalization
- Staffing
refers to the formal and legitimate right of a manager to issue orders, make decisions, and allocate resources to achieve
desired outcomes of the organization.
Authority
is the duty of the employee to
perform the assigned tasks and activities.
Responsibility
means reporting and
justification of task outcomes to higher management by those people with authority
Accountability
Type of authority that issue orders to their subordinates and are responsible for the results.
Line authority managers
Type of authority that have power only over a specific set of activities.
Functional authority
Type of authority that is given to specialists in their areas of expertise. The staff manager simply advises, recommends, and counsels.
Staff authority
refers to the concentration of
planning and decision-making to the top of the organization.
centralization
refers to the delegation of
planning and decision-making to the lower branches of the organization.
decentralization
refers to a written documentation provided for the direct control of the employees.
formalization
Assign individuals to respective positions identified in
a management plan
staffing
Recruit qualified personnel
staffing
how do you improve existing services and programs
• reviewing and adjusting the requirements
accordingly
• matching the competency requirements visa-
avis the responsible personnel assigned to
the activity
how do you assess required competencies
• identification of the key result areas (KRA’s)
per major activity
• determination of competencies and
qualifications
a complex set of
organizations interacting to provide an array of health
services
philippine health care system
-The DOH has the responsibility to create, plan, implement,
and systematize national health policies, advocacies, and
programs.
-The primary function is to promote, protect, and preserve or restore people’s health by giving health services and by
monitoring and motivating health service providers.
The Department of Health Mandate (E.O. No. 119, Sec. 3)
A global leader for attaining better health outcomes,
competitive and responsible health care system, and equitable
health financing
DOH vision by 2030
To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for
excellence in health
DOH mission
Units operated by the DOH which include the rural
health units, their respective sub-centers, chest
clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis
control units
Primary level of health care facilities
These are the smaller, non-departmentalized
hospitals. These are emergency and regional hospitals
were adequate treatments are offered for patients
with symptomatic stages of diseases.
Secondary level of health care facilities
Puericulture center operated by the League of
Puericulture Centers
Primary level of health care facilities
These are the specialized national hospitals
which offer highly technological and specialized
knowledge, facilities and personnel are treated here
Tertiary level of health care facilities
Clinics operated by Philippine Medical Association
Primary level of health care facilities
Units operated by the Philippine Tuberculosis Society
such as the tuberculosis clinics and hospitals
Primary level of health care facilities
Clinics operated by large industrial firms for their
employees
Primary level of health care facilities
Health centers and community hospitals operated by
the Philippine Medical Care Commission
Primary level of health care facilities
Other health facilitates operated by voluntary
religious and civic groups
Primary level of health care facilities
Initial links of the community
Grassroot or village health workers
medical practitioners, nurses, midwives
Intermediate level health workers
backup health service providers (hospitalization)
First-line hospital personnel
Provide preventive measures/simple
curatives
Grassroot or village health workers
intermediate workers are close contact
w/ them
First-line hospital personnel
attend problems beyond competence of
village workers
Intermediate level health workers
supervision, training, supplies, services
Intermediate level health workers
physicians w/ specialty, nurses, dentist, etc
First-line hospital personnel
first source of professional health care
Intermediate level health workers
Encourage program and activities
Grassroot or village health workers
Volunteers etc
Grassroot or village health workers
