3 Peripherals, Cables, and Connectors Flashcards
Differences between twisted nematic (TN), vertical alignment (VA), and in-plane switching (IPS) screens:
The differences are that each technology aligns the liquid crystals (LCD) in a different manner, resulting in performance differences. TN monitors are the fastest but have the worst color performance and contrast ratios (the difference between black and lit pixels), whereas VA are the slowest but have the most vivid color contrasts. IPS is somewhere in between the two.
What is refresh rate ?
The refresh rate—technically, the vertical scan frequency—specifies how many times in one second the image on the screen can be completely redrawn, if necessary. Measured in screen draws per second, or hertz (Hz), the refresh rate indicates how much effort is being put into checking for updates to the displayed image. Higher refresh rates translate to more fluid video motion. The refresh rate you select must be supported by both your graphics adapter and your monitor. If you want a higher refresh rate, you might have to compromise by choosing a lower resolution.
What is resolution ?
Resolution is defined by how many software picture elements (pixels) are used to draw the screen.
What does HDMI transmit ?
HDMI can transmit audio as well as video
USB Specifications:
USB 1.1 12 Mbps
USB 2.0 480 Mbps
USB 3.0 5 Gbps
USB 3.1 10 Gbps
USB 3.2 20 Gbps
USB4 40 Gbps
USB4 Specifications:
Up to 40 Gbps data transfers (there is a 20 Gbps standard and a 40 Gbps one)
Support for DisplayPort and PCIe tunnelling
Support for dual 4k video displays or one 8k display
Compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 and Thunderbolt 4 devices
Backward compatibility with USB down to USB 2.0
Required use of USB-C connectors
Standard connectors for USB:
Type A
Type B
Type C
Mini-USB
Micro-USB
Lightning (Apple)
Thunderbolt standards:
Thunderbolt 1
10 gbps Mini Display-Port
Thunderbolt 2
20 gbps Mini Display-Port
DisplayPort 1.2 (can send video to a 4k display)
Thunderbolt 3
40 gbps USB-C
10 gbps Ethernet support
Thunderbolt 4
40 gbps USB-C
Can support two 4k displays or one 8k display; 32 gbps PCIe
Three main categories of DVI connectors:
DVI-A is an analog-only connector. The source must produce analog output, and the monitor must understand analog input.
DVI-D is a digital-only connector. The source must produce digital output, and the monitor must understand digital input.
DVI-I is a combination analog/digital connector. The source and monitor must both support the same technology, but this cable works with either a digital or an analog signal.
What is a Molex connector ?
A Molex connector is a power connector for IDE (PATA) storage devices. This includes hard drives and optical drives.
Which sets of connectors are used for twisted pair cabling?
RJ11 and RJ45 are used in twisted pair cabling, commonly for phone lines and ethernet, respectively.
CAT cables
Category-3
Cat3 cable is an earlier generation of cable, which supports a maximum frequency of 16 MHz. This cable may have 2, 3, or 4 copper pairs. Cat3 type of Ethernet cable is still used for two-line telephone systems and 10BASE-T networks. It is also used for alarm system installation or similar kinds of applications.
Category-5
These cables are slower compared to modern-day hardware requirements. So, you should use this type of Cable only if you have older hardware that demands outdated hardware.
Category-5e
Cat5e is one of the most popular cabling types of an ethernet cable used for deployments because of its ability to support Gigabit speeds at a cost-effective price. Cat 5e can support up to 1000 Mbps speeds, which is flexible enough for small space installations. Therefore, it is widely used in residential areas. Cat5e is one of the least expensive cabling options available in the market.
Category-6
Cat6 cabling support up to 10 Gbps and frequencies of up to 250 MHz. These types of cables are more tightly twisted and feature two or more twists per centimeter. It only supports 37-55 meters when transmitting 10 Gbps speeds.
Category-6a:
Cat6a ethernet cable supports bandwidth frequencies of up to 500 MHz. Cat6a cabling is thicker compared to Cat6, making it less flexible. That is why it is more suited for industrial environments at a lower price point.
Category-7:
Cat7 has the ability to transmit up to 40 Gb at 50 meters and 100 Gb at 15 meters. This type of ethernet cable offers extensive shielding to decrease signal attenuation. It is relatively stiff in comparison to previous generations of cabling. Cat7 type of Cable is suited for use in Datacenters and large enterprise networks. However, Cat7 has not been approved as a cable standard for telecommunications.
Category-8:
Category 8 cable is designed for operations of up to 2000 MHz. CAT8 cables work with 25/40GBASE-T Gigabit Ethernet; this reduces power consumption and is designed for bandwidth-intensive data center applications.
Which video connector type can run as a single link and dual link connection?
DVI supports both single and dual link connections, with 3.7 and 7.4 gbps throughput, respectively.
What is the most commonly used type of connector for cable Internet service?
RG-6 connectors are cylindrical connectors with a threaded end to make a secure connection. It is similar to the RG-59 connectors used for cable TV, but slightly larger.
Which technology uses the wires in an ethernet cable to send electrical power to a device?
Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows you to make use of your existing ethernet cable infrastructure and use it to power devices in places where there is no power connection. A common use is for VoIP phones.
IEEE 802.3af - PoE - 15.40 W output
IEEE 802.3at PoE+ 30 W output
IEEE 802.3bt Type 3 4PPoE, Ultra PoE, UPoE 60 W output
IEEE 802.3bt Type 4Ultra PoE, UPoE 100 W output
