3. Parallelism Flashcards
What is the principle of parallelism?
Comparable sentence parts must be structurally and logically similar
*Note: we do not generally have to make every word parallel in the parallel elements; however, the most important words must be parallel
What are parallel markers?
Words that link or contrast items and that force those items to be parallel
What are examples of parallel markers?
The most important parallel markers are the three common conjunctions: and, but, and or
(1) And
(2) Both/and
(3) Or
(4) Either/or, neither/nor
(5) Not/but
(6) Not only/but also
(7) Rather than
(8) From/to
(9) Yet
(10) As much as
(11) Not so much…as
(12) Not just…but (also)
What are coordinate ideas?
Prepositions, articles, helping verbs
Definition: Coordinate ideas occur in pairs or in a series, and they are linked by conjunctions like “and”, “but”, “nor”, “or”; also occur with items in list or verbs in a series
Rule: You must either repeat the preposition, in front of each element in the series, or include it only in front of the firm item in the series
What are correlative constructions?
Definition: are used to relate two ideas in some way (e.g. “both…and”, “either…or”, “neither…nor”, “not only…but also”)
Marker: And
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: X and Y
Example: Apples, pears, AND bananas
Marker: Both/and
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: both X and Y
Example: BOTH apples and PEARS
Marker: Or
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: X or Y
Example: Apples OR pears
Marker: Either/or
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: Either X or Y
Example: Either apples OR pears
Marker: Not/but
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: Not X but Y
Example: NOT Apples BUT pears
Marker: Not only/but also
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: Not only X but also Y
Example: NOT ONLY Apples BUT ALSO pears
Marker: Rather than
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: X rather than Y
Example: Apples RATHER THAN pears
Marker: from/to
Structure: ?
Example: ?
Structure: from X to Y
Example: FROM apples TO pears
Noun. Example of parallel elements.
Her expression reflected BOTH [anger] AND [relief].
Adjective. Example of parallel elements.
The park was NEITHER [accessible] NOR [affordable].