3- Nutrition, Inflammation & Periodontal diseases Flashcards
What is obesity?
They are a pathogenesis of periodontitis. They are due to adipose tissue secretions continuous release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, & TNF-a)
What occurs due to the adipokines levels in people with obesity?
These levels are decreased (hormone adiponectin) = which lead to an increase in systemic inflammation.
How is TNF-a is related to obesity?
TNF-a levels increases in systemic inflammation & periodontitis + impacts insulin resistance.
What percentage of circulating IL-6 comes from?
From the adipose tissue.
What does levels of obesity dictate in IL-6?
It increases the levels of obesity = leading to developing coronary artery diseases + leads to inflamed periodontal tissues evident in individuals with high levels of IL-6
What are reactive oxygen species?
They are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygens which induces damage by oxidizing DNA, lipids + proteins when produced in excess.
T or F reactive oxygen species can be toxic to cells
True
How do cells defend themselves with ROS damage?
with enzymes + antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, beta-carotene & selenium)
What is Vitamin C known & used for?
It helps during inflammation + maintains integrity of cell membranes + protection of ROS
Why do we need Vitamin C everyday?
Because are not able to store & synthesize it on a day to day basis.
What are some negative implications of deprivation of Vitamin C?
- Scurvy
- Impaired wound healing
- Bright red
- Swollen
- Ulcerated
- Bleeds spontaneously
What is vitamin A used for ?
Help to support T-helpver anti-inflammatory response + epithelial cell differentiation + cell mediated immunity
What is vitamin D used for?
Used for anti-inflammatory effects + help reduce risk of gingival inflammation + differentiation of monocytes to macrophages
What is Vitamin E used for?
It is the most common fat-soluble antioxidant.
It helps protect cell membranes + reduces the production of prostaglandin ES in macrophages
What are good sources of Vitamin E?
Nuts, seeds, wheat germ
What are folic acids used for?
They are involved in DNA synthesis + water soluble. They help deficiencies which may reduce gingival tissue to be a barrier.
What are calcium used for?
They help calcification process + role in the formation & maintenance of the alveolar bone.
What would occur from a low level of calcium?
Increased tooth loss in individuals with lower calcium levels.
What would occur due to excess of carbohydrates & lipids?
- Increase in obesity
- Rapid release of glucose into the blood
- High glucose incase triglyceride levels
- Increase in insulin release
- Decrease ability of body to break down fat
- Too many lipids increase inflammation
What would occur from a protein deficiency?
Impairment of:
- cell-mediated immunity
- complement system
- Phagocyte activity
- Production of cytokines
- Immune depression occurs
