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Computer Science > 3) Networks > Flashcards

3) Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A local area network and covers a small geographical area on a single site.

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2
Q

Things about LAN?

A
  • owned by the organisation that uses it
  • Either wired or wireless
  • Find in schools ,businesses and universities
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3
Q

Why would you use a LAN?

A
  • Sharing files is easier and copy files between machines
  • Can share same hardeware
  • You can install and update software all at once
  • users can log in from any device on the network
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4
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Wide area network that connects all LANS

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5
Q

Example of WAN?

A

When you want to connect businesses in different countries together

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6
Q

Things about WAN?

A
  • Expensive
  • Internet is one big WAN
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7
Q

What factors effect performance of networks?

A
  • Greater the bandwith greater it can perform
  • too many devices connected may cause conjestion
  • Fibre optic cables give better performance
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8
Q

Whats a client server?

A

Its managed by a server and the devices are connected to it.

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9
Q

Pros of client server?

A
  • Easier to keep track of files
  • Easier to form backups
  • Easier to update and install software
  • Very reliable
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10
Q

Cons of client servers?

A
  • Expensive and need IT specialists to maintain it
  • If servers go down all clients lose work
  • May become overloaded if being accessed all at once
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11
Q

Whats a p2p network?

A

All devices are equal commecting directly without a server

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12
Q

Pros of P2p?

A
  • easy to maintain
  • No dependence on server (if one lost whole thing isn’t)
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13
Q

Cons of p2p?

A
  • Devices need updates and security done induvidually.
  • Backups are complicated
  • Slow down when other devices access them
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14
Q

Whats a NIC?

A

Network interface controller is a peice of hardware that allows a device to connect to a network. Nowdays built in motherboard

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15
Q

What are switches?

A

Connect devices to a LAN. switches receive data in frames from one device and transmit data to other devices with correct MAC addresss

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16
Q

What are routers?

A

Responsible for transmiting data between nerworks. Always connected to 2 networks. Direct data in packets to destination

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17
Q

Whats a WAP?

A

Needed to set up a device. And allows devices to connect wirelessly

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18
Q

Whats a DNS?

A

Used to translate website domain names into IP addresses. Means you don’t need IP addresses to access a website

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19
Q

What is hosting?

A

A business uses its server to store files on another organisation.

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20
Q

Pros of the cloud?

A
  • Can access files from any device
  • Easy to increase how much storage is available
  • No need to pay IT staff to manage hardware
  • updated automatically
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21
Q

Cons for the cloud?

A
  • Need internet to access
  • Stored in cloud which is vulnerable to hackers
  • subscription fees and storage may be expensive
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22
Q

What is a web server?

A

Where the WWW is hosted on.

23
Q

What is a star topology?

A

Where all the devices are connected to a centeral switch or server that controls the network.

24
Q

Pros of star topology?

A
  • If one device fails or a cable is disconnected rest of the network is unnaffected
  • simple to add more devices
  • Better performance and less data collisions
25
Q

Cons of star topology?

A
  • In a wired network everything needs to be connected to centeral server. Can be expensive
  • If problem with switch server whole network is affected
26
Q

Whats a mesh topology?

A
  • where devices are connected directly or indirectly to each other without the need for a switch or server
  • Work by sending data along the fastest route
27
Q

Pros of mesh topology?

A
  • No single point where a network can fail. If one device fails data is sent along another route
28
Q

Cons of mesh topology?

A
  • Very expensive as you need a lot of wire
29
Q

How are wireless networks used to transmit data?

A

By radio waves

30
Q

Pros and cons of wireless networks?

A
  • More convinient as you can move around while connected
  • Cheaper
31
Q

What is bluetooth?

A
  • A connection between two devices so data can be shared
  • Normally 10m
  • Lower bandwith compared to Wifi
  • often used in mobile/handware devices
32
Q

What is Wifi?

A
  • Can be used by multiple devices to connect LAN at the same time
  • connection between 40-100m
  • often used in homes
33
Q

What are ethernet cables?

A

Can use to connect devices on a LAN. and very fast and reliable

34
Q

What in encryption?

A
  • when data is transfered into code which someone with a key can access
  • essential for sending data securely
35
Q

What is encrypted text called?

A

Cipher text

36
Q

What is non encrypted text called?

A

Plain text

37
Q

What does communication on the same networks use?

A

Mac addresses

38
Q

What do communications across different networks use?

A

Ip addresses

39
Q

Things about Mac addresses?

A
  • Assigned to all network devices by the manufacturer
  • use 48 bit or 64 bit. To be converted to hexa decimal
  • Used by ethernet protocool
40
Q

Things about IP Adresses?

A
  • Used when sending data between TCP/IP networks
  • assigned manually or automatically before the device accesses the network
41
Q

Things about IPV4?

A

Uses 32 bits
Over 4 billion ip addresses
Split into 8 bit chunks

42
Q

Things about ipv6?

A
  • was created due to increasing amount of devices created
  • Over 2^128 addresses
  • split into 16 bit chunks
43
Q

What is a network standard?

A

Set of agreed requirements for hardware and software
- Important as it allows their products be be able to be compatiable with other devices

44
Q

What is TCP/IP?

A

Dictates how data is sent between networks.
Made up of TCP (set of rules how devices connect to network)
Ip(directing packets to their destination across the network)

45
Q

Whats HTTP?

A

Hyper text transfer protocol
Used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers

46
Q

Whats HTTPS?

A

HTTP secure
Encrypts all information sent and received
Secure version of HTTP

47
Q

Whats FTP?

A

File transfer protocol
Used to access files on a network

48
Q

Whats POP3?

A

Post office protocol
Used to retrieve emails from a server . Only hold it until you download it.

49
Q

Whats IMAP3?

A

Internet message protocol
Retrieves emails from a server. Hold it until you delete it. Used my most email providers

50
Q

Whats SMTP?

A

Simple mail transfer protocol
Used to send emails
Also used to transfer emails

51
Q

Whats a layer?

A
  • Group of protocols with similar function
52
Q

What do layer do?

A

Services the layer above it

53
Q

Advantages of layers?

A
  • Breaks network communication into manageable peices
  • helps them comcentrate on one layer
  • can be changed without affecting other layers

Computer Science (15 decks)

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