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BDS4 Radiology > 3 - More radiographic interpretation > Flashcards

3 - More radiographic interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What can be included under the term “jaw lesions”?

A
  • cysts
  • benign neoplasms
  • cancers
  • developmental abnormalities and genetic conditions
  • reactive lesions
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2
Q

What is the first step in the differential diagnosis of any lesion?

A

Is it…
- anatomical
- artefactual
- pathological

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3
Q

What can be used to describe a lesion?

A
  • site
  • size
  • shape
  • margins
  • internal structure
  • effect on adjacent anatomy
  • number
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4
Q

What should be include in the description of the site of a lesion?

A
  • where it is, what type of bone
  • relationship and position relative to other structures
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5
Q

What should be include in the description of the size of a lesion?

A
  • measure with dimensions
  • describe the boundaries
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6
Q

What should be include in the description of the shape of a lesion?

A
  • general (rounded, scalloped, irregular)
  • locularity (unilocular, pseudolocular, multilocular)
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7
Q

Define unilocular.

A

One smooth shape, one clear border

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8
Q

Define multilocular.

A

Appears as many small shapes together

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9
Q

Define pseudolocular.

A

Cloud appearance

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10
Q

How can you describe the margins of a lesion?

A
  • well defined and corticated
  • well defined and non-corticated
  • poorly defined and blending into surrounding anatomy
  • poorly defined and moth eaten appearance
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11
Q

What type of margin indicates a malignancy?

A

Poorly defined and moth eaten appearance

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12
Q

What type of margin indicates a benign lesion?

A

Corticated

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13
Q

How can you describe the internal structure of a lesion?

A
  • entirely radiolucent
  • radiolucent with some internal radiopacity
  • radiopaque (homogenous or heterogeneous)
  • describe the amount of radiopacity, bony septae, if there is tooth structure or similar
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14
Q

What causes radiolucency?

A
  • resorption of bone
  • decreased mineralisation of bone
  • decreased thickness of bone
  • replacement of bone with abnormal, less mineralised tissue
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15
Q

What causes radiopacity?

A
  • increased thickness of bone
  • osteosclerosis of bone
  • presence of abnormal tissues
  • mineralisation of normally non-mineralised tissue
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16
Q

How do you describe the effect on adjacent anatomy?

A
  • aggressive pathologies tend to grow quickly and be more destructive
  • slower growing lesions tend to displace structures
17
Q

How can a lesion affect the bone?

A
  • displacement of cortices
  • perforation of cortices
  • sclerosis of trabecular bone
18
Q

How can a lesion affect the ID canal?

A
  • displacement
  • erosion
  • compression
19
Q

How can a lesion affect the teeth?

A
  • displacement/impaction
  • resorption
  • loss of lamina dura
  • widening of PDL
  • hypercementosis
20
Q

How does the number of lesions aid diagnosis?

A
  • majority occur alone
  • few pathologies are bilateral
  • suspect a syndrome if >2 lesions
21
Q

What are common radiopacities seen on radiographs?

A
  • idiopathic osteosclerosis
  • scelorising osteitis
  • hypercementosis
  • buried retained roots
  • supernumeraries
22
Q

What is idiopathic osteosclerosis?

A
  • localised area of increased bone density of unknown cause
  • asymptomatic
  • typically presents in adolescents, can impact orthodontics
  • most common in premolar area
23
Q

Describe the appearance of idiopathic osteosclerosis.

A
  • well defined radiopacity, usually homogenous
  • no radiolucent margin
  • variable shape, usually <2cm
  • not associated with any structures
24
Q

What is sclerosing osteitis?

A
  • localised area of increased bone density in response to low grade, chronic inflammation
  • also known as condensing osteitis
25
Q

Describe the appearance of sclerosing osteitis.

A
  • well defined or poorly defined radiopacity
  • variable shape
  • directly associated with source of inflammation
  • no expansion or displacement of adjacent structures
26
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A
  • excessive deposition of cementum around root
  • cause is unknown but associated with certain conditions
  • can make extractions more difficult
27
Q

What conditions are associated with hypercementosis?

A
  • Paget’s disease
  • acromegaly
28
Q

Describe the appearance of hypercementosis.

A
  • multiple teeth can be involved
  • homogenous radiopacity continuous with root surface
  • PDL space extends around periphery
  • margins are well defined and smooth

BDS4 Radiology (12 decks)

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