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3922 > 3 - Monoamines > Flashcards

3 - Monoamines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical definition of a monoamine

A

A neurotransmitter containing one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain

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2
Q

What cognitive processes do monoamines regulate (3)

A

Emotion
Arousal
Certain types of memory

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3
Q

What are monoamines synthesised from

A

Decarboxylated amino acids

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4
Q

What is synthesis of monoamines catalysed by

A

Cytosolic enzymes

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5
Q

What receptors do monoamines usually activate

A

GPCR

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6
Q

Is synthesis of monoamines limited to certain regions of the brain

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the 5 steps involved with monoamine release at the synapse

A
  1. Synthesis
  2. Storage
  3. Release
  4. Receptor action
  5. Inactivation
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8
Q

What is the synthesis pathway of the catecholamines

A
  1. L-tyrosine
  2. L-DOPA
  3. Dopamine
  4. Noradrenaline
  5. Adrenaline
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9
Q

What is the enzyme that turns L-tyrosine to L-DOPA

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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10
Q

What is the enzyme that turns L-DOPA into dopamine

A

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

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11
Q

What is the enzyme that turns dopamine into noradrenaline

A

Dopamine B-hydroxylase

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12
Q

What enzyme turns noradrenaline into adrenaline

A

Phenylethanolamine N-methyl-transferase

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13
Q

What is the synthesis pathway for the indoleamines

A

L-tryptophan
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine

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14
Q

What is the enzyme that converts Tryptophan to 5-HTP

A

Typtophan hydroxylase

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15
Q

What is the enzyme that converts 5-HTP to 5-HT

A

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

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16
Q

What increases 5-HT synthesis

A

Dietary tryptophan

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17
Q

What is L-DOPA used to treat

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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18
Q

What is 5-HTP used to treat

A

Depression, anxiety and insomnia

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19
Q

How are monoamines stored in the synapse (4)

A

Bound complex with ATP, protein, Ca and Mg

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20
Q

What transports monoamines into the vesicles

A

VMAT

21
Q

Which amphetamines are substrates for VMAT (3)

A

MDMA, dexamphetamine, methamphetamine

22
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamies

A

Compete with monoamines for vesicular storage

Increase cytoplasmic monoamine increases spontaneous leakage into the synapse

23
Q

What CNS diseases are due to DA storage and release issues

A

Substance use disorder
Parkinson’s Disease
Schizophrenia

24
Q

Which monoamines are dysregulated in depression

A

NA

5-HT

25
Q

Are D1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory

A

Excitatory

Vice versa for D2

26
Q

Which dopamine receptors are D1-like

A

D1, D5

27
Q

Which dopamine receptors are D2-like

A

D2, D3, D4

28
Q

What is the adrenoceptor hierarchy for adrenaline

A

B2 > B1/B3/a

29
Q

What is the adrenoceptor heirarchy for noradrenaline

A

a > B1&raquo_space; B2

30
Q

Which 5HT receptor is ionotropic

A

5HT3

31
Q

Which 5HT receptor mediates inhibition

A

5HT1

32
Q

How are serotonin receptors classified (3)

A

Clonal sequence
Signal transduction mechanisms
Pharmacological specificity

33
Q

How are monoamines reuptaken from the synapse (3)

A

Active transport via high affinity Na dependent membrane transporter proteins: DAT, NAT, SERT

34
Q

How does cocaine work

A

Blocks NAT, SERT and DAT

35
Q

How do amphetamines work

A

Compete with monoamines at DAT, NAT, SERT

36
Q

How to tricyclic antidepressants work

A

Block NAT, SERT > DAT

37
Q

How do noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors work

A

Block NAT

38
Q

How do SNRI work

A

SERT, NAT

39
Q

How do SSRIs work

A

SERT

40
Q

How does bupropion work

A

Atypical antidepressant, blocks NAT, DAT. Promotes release of NA, DA (NDRA). Anti-nicotinic. Many metabolites

41
Q

How are monoamines broken down

A

MAO via oxidative deamination

42
Q

What does MAO-A degrade

A

5-HT
NA
A
DA

43
Q

What does MAO-B degrade

A

DA

44
Q

What is dopamine broken down into

A

Homovanillic acid

45
Q

What is noradenaline broken down into

A

Vanillylmandelic acid

46
Q

What are the two enzymes involved in 5-HT breakdown

A

MAO

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

47
Q

What is a MAO-B inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Selegiline

48
Q

What CNS functions and diseases are monoamines involved in (9)

A 
Mood
Anxiety
Schizophrenia
Reward
Drug abuse
Movement
Pain
Regulation of autonomic function
Regulation of hormone release
49
Q

What are the four dopamine pathways

A

Tubero-infundibular
Nigrostriatal
Mesocortical
Mesolimbic

3922 (19 decks)

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