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ICA > 3. Men's Health > Flashcards

3. Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Prepuce cannot be fully retracted in adult

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2
Q

What can phimosis lead to?

A 
Poor hygiene, increased STDs
Pain on intercourse
Balanitis (inflamed glans)
Posthitis (inflamed foreskin)
Paraphimosis
Urinary retention
Penile cancer
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3
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Painful constriction of the glans penis by the retracted prepuce proximal to the corona

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4
Q

What are the commonest causes of paraphimosis?

A

Phimosis
Catheterisation
Penile cancer

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5
Q

What kind of cancer is penile cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

What are the key indications for circumcision in children?

A

Religious

Recurrent balanitis/UTIs

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7
Q

What are the key indications for circumcision in adults?

A 
Recurrent balanitis
Phimosis
Recurrent paraphimosis
Balanitis xerotica obliterans
Penile cancer
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8
Q

What can cause acute scrotal pain?

A 
Testicular torsion
Epididymitis/orchitis/epididymo-orchitis (UTI, STI, mumps)
Torsion of hydatid of morgagni 
Trauma 
Ureteric calculi
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9
Q

What is the history in testicular torsion?

A

Usually younger patient
Sudden onset
Unilateral pain, may be nauseated/vomit

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10
Q

What is the history in epididymo-orchitis?

A

Gradual onset
Usually unilateral
Recent history of UTI, unprotected intercourse, catheter

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11
Q

What are the investigations for epididymo-orchitis?

A

Bloods - FBC, U and E, cultures if septic
Urine - MSU
Radiology - USS if suspect abscess

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12
Q

What is the treatment for epididymo-orchitis?

A

Antibiotics

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13
Q

What is the history in testicular cancer?

A

Usually painless

Germ cell tumours <45 years

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14
Q

What is the history for hydrocoele?

A

Slow/sudden onset

Uni/bilateral scrotal swelling

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15
Q

What is the treatment for testicular tumour?

A

Inguinal orchidectomy

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16
Q

What is the treatment for epididymal cyst?

A

Reassure

Excise if large

17
Q

What is the treatment for adult hydrocoele?

A

If normal testis on ultrasound, reassure, surgical removal if large or symptomatic

18
Q

What is the treatment for varicocoele?

A

Reassure

Radiological embolisation if symptomatic, infertility, growth of testis affected

19
Q

What are the causes of urinary retention?

A 
Prostatic enlargement
Phimosis/urethral strictures/meatal stenosis
Constipation
UTI
Drugs
Over-distension
Following surgery
Neurological
20
Q

What are the treatments for enlarged prostate?

A

Alpha blockers - act by relaxing smooth muscle within prostate and bladder neck
5alpha-reductase inhibitors - act by shrinking the prostate by means of androgen deprivation

21
Q

What is the standard surgical treatment for enlarged prostate?

A

Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

ICA (3 decks)

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