3: Liberalism Flashcards
What theory? All citizens are judicially equal and possess certain basic rights to education, access to a free press, and religious toleration
Liberalism
A key dimension of the liberty of the individual is the
right to own property
contends that the most effective system of economic exchange is on that is largely market-driven and not one that is subordinate to bureaucratic regulation and control, either domestically or internationally
liberalism
For Kant, the imperative to achieve perpetual peace required the
transformation of individual consciousness, republican constitutionalism, and a federal contract between states to abolish war
Cobden believed that ____ ____ would create a more peaceful world order
free trade
Liberals see a further parallel between _____ and ________
individuals; sovereign states
Image of Liberalism: First Image (_____________)
Public Figure:
_______________
Human Nature
Richard Cobden
Image of Liberalism:
Second Image (_____________)
Public Figure:
_______________
The State
Woodrow Wilson
Image of Liberalism:
Third Image (_____________)
Public Figure:
_______________
The structure of the system
J.A. Hobson
Cause of conflict in the first image of liberalism
Interventions by governments domestically and internationally disturbing the natural order
Cause of conflict in the second image of liberalism
Undemocratic nature of international politics, especially foreign policy and the balance of power
Cause of conflict in the third image of liberalism
The balance of power system
Determination of peace in the first image of liberalism
Individual liberty, free trade, prosperity, interdependence
Determination of peace in the second image of liberalism
National self determination; open governments responsive to public opinion; collective security
Determination of peace in the third image of liberalism
A world government, with powers to mediate and enforce decisions
Kant’s First Definitive Article: [title]
The Civil Constitution of Every State shall be Republican
Kant’s Second Definitive Article: [title]
The Right of Nations shall be based on a Federation of Free States
Kant’s Third Definitive Article: [title]
Cosmopolitan Right shall be limited to Conditions of Universal Hospitality
Kant claims that liberal states are _____ in their international relations with other liberal states
pacific
Two elements to the Kantian legacy:
- Restraint among liberal states
- International imprudence in relations with non-liberal states.
yields mutual benefits to all participants regardless of their size or economic nature
Trade
shifted liberal thinking towards a recognition that peace is not a natural condition but is one that must be constructed
The First World War
Woodrow Wilson believed that peace could only be achieved through
the creation of an organization to regulate international anarchy
advocated for the formation of a “general association of nations” in his famous ‘Fourteen Points’ speech to Congress in January 1918, with the League of Nations intended to fulfill this role.
Woodrow Wilson
aimed to maintain peace through a collective security system, where each member state recognized the security of one as the concern of all and agreed to respond collectively to aggression
League of Nations
states form alliances in response to specific external threats, known as “collective defense.”
alliance-based security system
outlined the obligation of member states to cease normal relations with an offending state, impose sanctions, and commit armed forces to the League Council if necessary to restore peace
Article 16 of the League of Nations’ Charter
called for the self determination of all nations
League of Nations constitution
International regimes aid cooperation by
sharing information, strengthening reciprocity, and simplifying punishment for norm violations
[in terms of gains/benefits] Neo-liberals advocated for ______, while neo-realists focused on ___________.
Neo-liberals advocated for cooperative agreements with equal benefits, while neo-realists focused on relative gains.
The potential for liberalism to embrace ____________ is a tendency that has a long history
imperialism
