3. LANS Flashcards

1
Q

When a switch gets data from one host to send to another, how does it know through what path to forward the data so that it gets to it’s destination?

A
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2
Q

It is problematic if there are more than one “active” paths between two different LANS. The solution is to turn the network with the different LAN segments into a tree.

What should this tree look like?

(In the picture: what the network looks like before the solution).

A

There should be:

  1. A single switch should be a root, acknowledged by all switches.
  2. Each LAN segment should have one switch on the path to the root.
  3. Each switch port not taking part in the tree would be disabled (but still listening for changes)
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3
Q

What is the HELLO packet used in the Spanning Tree Protocol to determine a root switch.

A
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4
Q

What are the three stages in the Spanning Tree Protocol?

(Picture: network before algorithm)

A
  1. Detrmine a root switch.
  2. Build spanning tree of the switches.
  3. Build a spanning tree of LAN segments.

(Picture: network after algorithm)

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5
Q

In the STP, how do all switches determine a root switch?

A
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6
Q

How is a spanning tree of switches built in the STP?

A

A version of the Bellman-Ford algorithm is used.

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7
Q

In the STP:

Once a spanning tree of the switches has been built, how is a spanning tree of LAN segments built?

A

יש לנו עכשיו עץ פורש של SWITCHES. יודעים שלכל BD יש לפחות SWITCH אחד שמחובר אליו. רוצים שרק אחד מהם יעבירו הודעות מהBD הזה. רוצים שBD יבחר את הSWITCH שהכי קרוב לשורש (אם יש כמה עם אותו מרחק אז ניקח את מי שיש לו ID נמוך יותר).

אם SWITCH לא רלוונטי לBroadcast Domain מסויים, הוא אפקטיבית “ימחק” את הPORT שמחובר לBD הזה.

איך זה עובד?

כל SWITCH מקשיב לכל ההודעות בכל הBD שהוא מחובר אליהם. אם הוא רואה שבPORT מסויים הוא הכי אטרקטיבי (המרחק לשורש הכי קצר) אז זה הDESIGNATED PORT לBD שאליו הוא מחובר.

הסבר של חנה.

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