Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 CDS LA Symposium > 3. LA Complications > Flashcards

3. LA Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Features of lignocaine/lidocaine (4)

A

Amide
Standard - lidocaine HCl 2%
Vasoconstrictor - none/adrenaline (1:80,000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of prilocaine/citanest (3)

A

Amide
Standard - prilocaine HCl 3%
Vasoconstrictor - plain/felypressin (octapressin - 1.2ug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of articaine (4)

A

Amide
Standard - 4% with varying vasoconstrictor (1:100,000, 1:200,000, 1:400,000)
Uses - infiltration and blocks
Useful if patient has liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Length of action of mepivicaine (3)

A

Infiltration - 20mins
Block - 40mins
Soft tissue - 2hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Length of action of lignocaine (3)

A

Infiltration - 60mins
Block - 90mins
Soft tissue - 3-5hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Length of action of articaine (3)

A

Infiltration - up to 120mins
Block - 75mins
Soft tissue - 3-5hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Length of action of prilocaine (3)

A

Infiltration - 30-45mins
Block - 60mins
Soft tissue - 3-6hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Systemic complications of LA (6)

A 
Psychogenic/stress
Interactions with other drugs
Cross infection
Allergy
Collapse
Toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychogenic/stress includes (7)

A 
Fainting
Palpitations
Cold sweat
Restlessness
Excitation
Trembling
Weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cause of psychogenic/stress

A

Lack of oxygenated blood to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical features of psychogenic/stress (6)

A 
Light-headedness
Pallor
Beads of sweat (lips/nose/temple)
Bradycardia (slow pulse)
Nausea
Pupil dilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Management of psychogenic/stress (4)

A

Lay flat and raise legs
Loosen neck clothing
Improve room ventilation
Sweet drink potentially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LA interactions with other drugs (5)

A 
MAOI (mono amine oxidase inhibitors)
Tri-cyclics (theoretical risk of HTN)
B-blockers (BP increase_
Non-K sparing diuretics (adrenaline lowers K too)
Cocaine (increased adrenergic activity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of LA allergy (2)

A

True allergy is rare

Most allergies are due to preservatives (methylparaben)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxicity features (4)

A

Convulsions
Loss of consciousness
Respiratory depression
Circulatory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LA and pregnancy (2)

A 
Avoid octapressin (prilocaine)
Has potential to induce labour
17
Q

Max. safe dose of mepivicaine, 3% (3)

A

Max dose - 3mg/kg
66mg/cartridge
6cartridges/70kg adult

18
Q

Max. safe dose of lignocaine, 2% (3)

A

Max dose - 5mg/kg
44mg/cartridge
7cartridges/70kg adult

19
Q

Max. safe dose of articaine, 4% (3)

A

Max dose - 7mg/kg
88mg/cartridge
5cartridges/70kg adult

20
Q

Max. safe dose of prilocaine, 3% (3)

A

Max dose - 8mg/kg
66mg/cartridge
8cartridges/70kg adult

21
Q

Adrenaline effects on B1-receptors (5)

A 
Increase HR
Increase force of heart contractions
Increase CO
Increase heart muscle excitability
Dilation of coronary BVs
22
Q

Adrenaline effects on B2-receptors (2)

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Muscle dilation

23
Q

Adrenaline effect on a-receptors

A

Skin contraction

24
Q

Adrenaline effects on BP (3)

A

Increases systolic BP
Decreases diastolic BP
Overall little effect on BP

25
Q

Adrenaline contraindications (4)

A

CVD
Hyperthyroidism (thyroid crisis)
Phaeochromocytoma (HTN)
Drug interactions

26
Q

Adrenaline action (3)

A

Works by redirecting blood flow (to heart, liver, skeletal muscle from non-essential organs during fight/flight)
Binds to B2 receptors causing vasodilation
Binds to a1 receptors causing vasoconstriction

27
Q

Local complications of LA (12)

A 
Failure to achieve anaesthesia
Prolonged anaesthesia
Pain during/after injection
Trismus (lockjaw)
Haematoma
Intra-vascular injection
Blanching
Facial paresis (weakness)
Broken needle
Infection
Soft tissue damage
Contamination
28
Q

Types of prolonged anaesthesia (3)

A

Direct trauma from needle
Multiple passes with same needle
Chemical trauma from direct injection

29
Q

Facial palsy presentation

A

Usually complete, unilateral nerve paralysis within minutes of IDB

30
Q

Facial palsy confirmation

A

Temporal branch affected (lower MND)

31
Q

Facial palsy cause

A

LA into parotid gland (injection too far posteriorly)

32
Q

Facial palsy diagnosis

A

Test branches of CNVII

33
Q

Facial palsy management

A

Reassurance, cover eye with paid until blink reflex returns

34
Q

Types of intra-vascular injection (2)

A

Intra-arterial

Intravenous

35
Q

Features of IA injection (5)

A 
Rare
Skin blanching
Visual disturbances
Aural disturbances
Transitionary, but persistence requires rapid specialist referral
36
Q

Features of IV injection (3)

A 
Block injections (IDB)
Avoided by careful technique (aspiration)
Palpitation, anxiousness, restlessness, headache, sweating, pallor

BDS2 CDS LA Symposium (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions