(3) Kantian Ethics Flashcards
1
Q
Definition: moral law
A
Binding moral obligations
2
Q
Definition: maxims
A
Another word for moral rules, determined by reason
3
Q
Definition: duty
A
Duties are created by the moral law, to follow it is our duty. The world deontological means duty-based ethics
4
Q
Definition: summum bonum
A
The highest, most supreme good
5
Q
Definition: the good will
A
A person of good will is a person who makes decisions according to the moral law
6
Q
Definition: categorical imperative
A
An unconditional moral obligation that is always binding irrespective of a persons inclination or purpose
7
Q
Definition: hypothetical imperative
A
A moral obligation that applied only if one desires the implied goal
8
Q
Definition: kingdom of ends
A
An imagined future in which all people act in accordance to the moral law
9
Q
What does the objective moral law tell us?
A
- what we ought to do, irrespective of consequence
- moral actions are about duty, action is right or wrong in itself
10
Q
The application of the good will
A
- in accordance to duty
- I must do something not for my personal gain, but because it is the right thing to do
- emotions must not drive us
11
Q
Kant’s specific duties to ourselves and others
A
- strive for self perfection
- purse a greater good
- freedom
- be truthful
- avoid drunkenness
- not to commit suicide
12
Q
How we perceive the moral law
A
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
13
Q
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
A
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
14
Q
Analytic Statments
A
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
15
Q
Synthetic Statements
A
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
16
Q
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
A
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
17
Q
The Hypothetical Imperative
A
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
18
Q
The Categorical Imperative
A
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
19
Q
How we perceive the moral law
A
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
20
Q
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
A
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
21
Q
Analytic Statments
A
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
22
Q
Synthetic Statements
A
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
23
Q
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
A
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
24
Q
The Hypothetical Imperative
A
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
25
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
26
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
27
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
28
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
29
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
30
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
31
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
32
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
33
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
34
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
35
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
36
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
37
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
38
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
39
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
40
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
41
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
42
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
43
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
44
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
45
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
46
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
47
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
48
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
49
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
50
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
51
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
52
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
53
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
54
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
55
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
56
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
57
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
58
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
59
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
60
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
61
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
62
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
63
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
64
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
65
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
66
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
67
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
68
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
69
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
70
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
71
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
72
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
73
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
74
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
75
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
76
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
77
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
78
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
79
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
80
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
81
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
82
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
83
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
84
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
85
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
86
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
87
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
88
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
89
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
90
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
91
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
92
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
93
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
94
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
95
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
96
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
97
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
98
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
99
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
100
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
101
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
102
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
103
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
104
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
105
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
106
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
107
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
108
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
109
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
110
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
111
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
112
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
113
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
114
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
115
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
116
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
117
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
118
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
119
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
120
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
121
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
122
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
123
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
124
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
125
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
126
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
127
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
128
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
129
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
130
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
131
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
132
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
133
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
134
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
135
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
136
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
137
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
138
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
139
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
140
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
141
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
142
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
143
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
144
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
145
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
146
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
147
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
148
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
149
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
150
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
151
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
152
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
153
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
154
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
155
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
156
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
157
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
158
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
159
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
160
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
161
Analytic Statments
- predicate belongs to the subject
- judgements of clarification-
- a priori
162
Synthetic Statements
- need additional information, a posteriori
- judgement of amplification, adds new knowledge
- may be true or false
163
How Kant views analytic and synthetic statments
- looking at what someone does, does not tell you their behaviour is right or wrong
- moral propositions are synthetic
- moral knowledge comes from reason, a priori synthetic
164
The Hypothetical Imperative
- command conditional on desired result
- behaviour for an end
- Kant says we should look at the moral law which binds to us unconditionally
165
The Categorical Imperative
- moral knowledge is categorically, if truth telling is right, then we should always do it
- our actions do not take into consideration the telos, deontological
- universalised
166
How we perceive the moral law
- how we morally decide is linked to how we make sense of the world
- known through reason, not sense experience
167
Knowledge at first hand, before sense perception and experience
- a priori
- independent of experience, eg. Use of maths as you do not need physical objects to count
- moral knowledge comes from within
168
3 parts to the categorical imperative
- universal law: should not act in a way which cannot be applied to all situations
- Humans as ends not means: individual value and should be greatest as important
- kingdom of ends- Kant says that we should consider everyone of equal value
169
Problems with the 3 parts of the categorical imperative
- universal law: We’re not all absolutists
- human as ends not means: too idealistic, cannot engage everybody we need
- Kingston of ends: we preference family and close once
170
Problems with Kant’s idea on duty
- human’s do not function away from their emotions, unrealistic idea of ‘duty for duties’ sake
- if duties clash creates problem
171
There Postulates
- F (freedom)
- I (immortality)
- G (God)
172
Freedom
- ‘highest degree of life’ and the ‘inner worth of the world’
- freedom to choose moral law over desires
- gain freedom by adopting formal law
173
Immortality
- look towards perfect future
- duty to unite with things that create happiness
- endless improvement
174
God
- ethical theory without God, gut idea on being created rational creatures and eternal law points to God
- committed Lutheran Christianity
175
Is Kantian ethics helpful for decision making?
```
Yes
- status of humans raised
- life is precious
No
- what about less rational humans
- duty clash
```
176
Kantian Ethics being too abstract
- rely on principles
- too unrealistic
- unhelpful in no-win situations
- can’t rank importance
177
Hegel (18th C) critique of Kantian Ethics
- does not provide what specifically to do
| - only focus’ on non-contradiction
178
Mill (19th C) critique of Kantian Ethics
- Can’t explain why actions are wrong
| - you have to look at the Utilitarians principle of utility (promote happiness) instead of reason
179
Pojman (20th-21st C) critique on Kantian Ethics
- idea that the categorical imperative could permit committing suicide when pain and suffering erodes the quality of life
- Kant seems to argue against this
- critical attempt to moral law exceptionless
180
David Hume (18th C) moral approach
- not through reason
- based on feelings that approve or disapprove an actions
- nothing present in the mind accept for impressions
- erroneous Consensus, mistake to thing we have knowledge
