3. Issues of Good & Evil

Question 1

Good

Answer 1

That which is considered morally right, beneficial and to our advantage.

Question 2

Evil

Answer 2

That which is considered extremely immoral, wicked and wrong.

Question 3

Forgiveness

Answer 3

To grant pardon for a wrongdoing; to give up resentment and the desire to seek revenge against a wrongdoer.

Question 4

Free Will

Answer 4

The ability to make choices voluntarily and independently. The belief that nothing is pre-determined.

Question 5

Justice

Answer 5

Fairness; where everyone has equal provisions and opportunity.

Question 6

Morality

Answer 6

Principles and standards determining which actions are right or wrong.

Question 7

Punishment

Answer 7

A penalty given to someone for a crime or wrong they have done.

Question 8

Sin

Answer 8

Deliberate immoral action, breaking a religious or moral law.

Question 9

Suffering

Answer 9

Pain or distress caused by injury, illness or loss. Suffering can be physical, emotional/psychological or spiritual.

Question 10

Conscience

Answer 10

An inner voice which keeps a person on the right track; a sense of right and wrong [instinct].

Question 11

Wrong

Answer 11

Any act or pattern of behaviour which contravenes accepted moral, religious or ethical codes. Much like good, wrong is a relative term.

Question 12

Absolute Morality

Answer 12

When a person has a principle such as ‘do not kill’ and never alters it.

Question 13

Relative Morality

Answer 13

when a person holds a moral principle but is prepared to adapt or adjust it in certain situations.

Question 14

Virtues

Answer 14

A quality thought of as good, right and honest. [chastity, charity, patience, kindness, etc.].

Question 15

Crime

Answer 15

Defined as any offence that is punishable by law. Government MAKES laws. Police PREVENT crime. Criminal Justice System ENFORCES laws.

Question 16

Sin

Answer 16

An action that goes against a religious code - although not necessarily a crime.

Question 17

Aims of Punishment

Answer 17

Reformation; Retribution; Reparation; Deterrence; Vindication; Protection

Question 18

Utilitarianism

Answer 18

The belief that a good act is one that brings the greatest good for the greatest number. AKA Principle of Greatest Happiness. [Jeremy Bentham]

Question 19

Reformer

Answer 19

Someone who lobbies or pressurises for change.

Question 20

Quaker

Answer 20

Christian Denomination whose central belief is that every human being contains a reflection of the image of God.

Question 21

Chaplain

Answer 21

Traditionally, a chaplain is a religious minister who is attached to a non-religious institution to provide pastoral care for a variety of people [e.g. prisoners].

Question 22

Parole Officer

Answer 22

A person who supports a prisoner on their release from prison and their return to the community.

Question 23

Death Penalty

Answer 23

Ultimate punishment for crime - sentencing to death by various methods.

Question 24

Humane

Answer 24

Showing kindness and compassion.

Question 25

Exoneration

Answer 25

That a conviction for a crime is reversed, either because the prisoner is innocent or there was an error with the trial that led to conviction.

Question 26

Reconciliation

Answer 26

Accepting an apology, forgiving and moving forward together in harmony.

Question 27

Moral Evil

Answer 27

The result of human actions and is often caused by humans acting in a way that is considered morally wrong.

Question 28

Natural Evil

Answer 28

Events that have nothing to do with humans, and which are to do with the way the world is [natural disasters]

Question 29

Persection

Answer 29

Persistently cruel treatment, often due to religion or belief.

Question 30

Fate

Answer 30

A power or force that determines the future. The idea that the outcome is predetermined or unchangeable - inevitable and irresistable.

Question 31

Predestination

Answer 31

The belief that all events have been willed by God. The idea that God has already chosen who will receive salvation and enter heaven.